: Notes and Comments. 123 
crustaceans, and 155 British Salmonid@e ; 2,558 marine shells 
from St. Helena; 2,111 shells from India; 5,635 Hemiptera 
from Central Europe; 3,143 Coleoptera; 6,246 Diptera ; 
1,407 Hymenoptera, etc ; the Buckle collection of Lepidoptera 
(6,000 specimens) ; the) Hampson collection of Nilgiri 
Lepidoptera (2,415 examples, ‘and about 300 types of new 
species ’!) and 2,400 Moths from New South Wales. 
PROTECTIVE COLOURATION IN BUTTERFLIES. 
The Rev. F. Bennett points out an interesting feature with 
regard to butterflies in Knowledge, for February. These 
insects close their wings like a book, and the underside of the 
hinder pair is often coloured so as to match their surround- 
ings; but they are not quite so large as the fore wings, and 
therefore do not cover these completely up. The beautiful 
detail which Mr. Bennett illustrates is that the uncovered 
portion of the underside of the fore wing repeats in a great 
number of instances the pattern and colouring of the under 
surface"of the hind wing and thus carries out to perfection the 
concealment ; while the remainder of the under surface of the 
fore wing covered when at rest by the hind wing, has often 
quite different colouring, and is in many cases of most brilliant 
and conspicuous hues. 
FOSSIL FLORA OF CLEVELAND. 
At a recent meeting of the London Geological Society, 
Mr. H. Hamshaw Thomas described several plants collected 
by the Rev. G. J. Lane and Mr. T. W. Saunders in the Cleveland 
district, and other specimens obtained by himself from the 
Marske Quarry, and by the late Mr. Hawell, whose collection 
is now in the Dorman Memorial Museum, Middlesbrough. 
The Marske flora, which includes several types not hitherto 
recorded from the Jurassic plant-beds of Yorkshire, is believed 
to be of Middle Jurassic age ; specimens previously identified 
as Zamites buchianus (Ett.) and Nuilssonia schaumbergensis 
(Dunk.), Wealden species, are described respectively as a new 
species of Psewdoctenis and Nilssonia orientalis Heer. 
RECENT DISCOVERIES. 
The following species were dealt with :—Equisetites col- 
umnaris Brongn., Sagenopteris phillipsi (Brongn.) var. major 
Sew., Laccopteris polypodioides Brongn., Dictyophyllum rugosum 
L. & H., Stachypteris halleri, a new type recently described by 
the author, Comniopteris hymenophylloides Brongn., and C. 
qguinqueloba (Phill.), Todites williamsoni (Brongn.), Cladophlebis 
denticulata Brongn., a new species of Marattiopsis (a genus not 
hitherto recorded from Yorkshire), Williamsonia spectabilis 
Nath. (microsporophylls of which were found by the author, 
. throwing additional light on this type of flower), W, whitbiensis 
Nath., and a female strobilus identified as IW. sp., Zamites 
T913 Mar. 1. 
