154 Notes and Comments. 
recent Saturday a party of geologists visited Oswaldkirk. The 
works presented, on the arrival of the visitors, a most inter- 
esting and curious appearance. The new borehole has been 
put down in Hag Wood, a couple of hundred yards from the 
hall, and some fifteen feet higher on the hillside than the old 
water reservoir of the village. In the expectation of an artesian 
supply the borehole was lined, as it was sunk, with eight-inch 
metal tubing, and though this tube had been continued to a 
height of twenty-one feet above the ground-level, the water 
was spurting out of the top of the tube and falling like a 
fountain on all sides. Indeed the bore-sinkers were themselves 
taken by surprise when the flow started, for though they 
realized from the working of their tools that water had been 
reached, and withdrew the boring apparatus, they were 
startled by the sudden drenching which they received. 
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. 
Professor P. F. Kendall, of the Leeds University, who 
conducted the visitors, explained the phenomena and the 
geological structure of the country. He pointed out that the 
water-bearing stratum here is the Kellaways rock, an oolitic 
sandstone. Below this are the clayey beds of the Cornbrash, 
and above it is normally the Oxford clay. At Roulstone 
Scarr—the cliff which is a familiar landmark over the Vale of 
York, being distinguished by a great figure of a white horse 
cut upon it—the Oxford clay is absent, and rain falling upon 
the Calcareous Grits on the hillsides east of Thirsk sinks without 
interruption into the Kellaways rock. But the strata dip a 
little towards the south-east, and soon the Oxford clay comes 
into its right position. Thus beneath Oswaldkirk the water- 
logged Kellaways rock is being subjected to pressure between 
two beds of impervious clay. It needed but the piercing of 
the clay to bring the water spurting to the surface and high 
above it. A fault in the valley between Oswaldkirk and Gilling 
had squeezed the greasy Oxford clay there to exceptional 
thickness, so that the boring had to be carried to 316 feet 
below the surface before the Kellaways rock was reached. The 
work was continued a little further to make sure of a good 
supply, but when the tool reached 342 feet from the surface 
the workmen were ‘ drowned out.’ 
YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA.* 
This pamphlet should serve as a stimulus to Yorkshire students 
of Marine Mollusca, and especially to those residing at Hull, 
*The Marine Mollusca of the Yorkshire Coast as represented in the Hull 
Museum. By F. H. Woods, B.D. (Hull Museum Publication, No. 91, 
Price one penny). 
tNaturalist, 
