232 Yorkshire Naturalists at Kirkby Stephen. 
over 75 per cent. more of this family. Subsequent excursions 
made later revealed a plausible reason for their presence in 
the lower reaches, by finding them in numbers. on the Great 
Scar Limestone not far distant from the area dealt with above. 
Fresh-water mollusca were very scarce, partly due to the 
rapid movement of the mountain streams and the scarcity of 
dykes and ponds on the lower-lying lands. Only one or two 
specimens of Limnea peregra and Ancylus fluviatilis were 
noted. 
The wooded portions of Pod Gill yielded several species 
associated with Beech trees, moss, and moisture, viz., Carychium 
minimum, Cochlicopa lubrica, Hyalimia pura, and H. crys- 
tallina, but these could not be said to be common everywhere. 
Several slugs were also met with. 
The Limestone scars of Hartley Fells were plentifully 
bestrewed with the larger Helices, memoralis and arbustorum. 
Bulimus obscurus, Clausilia dubia, and Pupa umbilicata were 
equally plentiful. One looked in vain for Hx. caperata, and 
several others. 
The following were obtained :— 
Helix nemoralis. Ayalinia pura. 
,  hortensis. Claustlia dubia. 
te avbustorum. Vitvina pellucida. 
,, hispida, Bulimus obscurus 
a vufescens (type). Pupa umbilicata. 
ae A var. nigvescens. Cochlicopa lubrica. 
43 vupestris. Carychium minimum. 
Hyalinia nitidula. Limnaea peregra. 
a cellaria. Ancylus fluviatilis. 
i. alliaria. Sphaevium corneum. 
ie crystallina. Several species of slugs. 
FLOWERING PLants.—Dr. T. W. Woodhead writes :—The 
vegetation of the fells in the neighbourhood of Kirkby Stephen 
was remarkable for the extensive areas covered by sphagnum 
and other bog mosses. Growing among these was the Ling, 
with dead grey shoots tinting the whole moor, the greyness 
often intensified by an abundance of Cladonia sylvatica. Jun- 
cus squarrosus was also very abundant; and here and there 
much Cotton Grass (Eriophorum vaginatum), Fine-leaved 
Heath (Evica cinerea), and Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum). 
On the higher and flatter summits, where the streams have 
cut their way back in a series of tortuous channels, fine examples 
of retrogressive moor were seen. The steep peaty banks of the 
streams, too unstable to allow of invasion and the development 
of a protective plant covering, waste with every shower, and 
during times of drought, the surface, dried to a fine powder, is 
carried away by every breeze. Islands of peat are thus formed 
which are ever being reduced in size and are doomed eventually 
to. disappear. At the bases of these peat-hags remains of 
Naturalist, 
