Yorkshire Naturalists at Kirkby Stephen. 233 
Birch were found in great abundance, e.g., on Stanesmoor, 
Tanhill, Birkdale, Nateby Common, and Nine Standards, at 
altitudes of upwards of two thousand feet. The steep slopes 
were often covered with Bracken, among which were such 
woodland species as the Wood Anemone. A large sphagnum 
bog on Nateby Common was noticeable in having the Mat- 
grass ( Nardus stricta) as the chief associate. Here the boundary 
is sharply marked between the vegetation on the peat over 
siliceous rocks and the relatively bare pavement of Main Lime- 
stone adjoining ,with such characteristic calcareous species as 
Wild Thyme, Saxifraga Tridactylites, Helianthemum Chamae- 
cistus, also limestone mosses such as Neckera crispa. 
At Hartley Scar a good example of Ash-birch wood was 
seen. 
The Birch was a conspicuous associate of the Ash on the 
scree-covered slopes of the scars, together with Hawthorn and 
Hazel. The ground flora consisted chiefly of Dog’s Mercury, 
Garlic, Arum, Primrose, Cowslip, Anemone, Herb Robert, Blue 
Moor Grass (Sesleria cerulea), Rock-rose, Thyme, and other 
species typical of the Limestone scar-wood. : 
The district is of special interest to the botanist in that 
examples of several important types of vegetation occur 
within a limited area, e.g., the calcareous vegetation of the 
Mountain Limestone and Main Limestone ; also that developed 
on the siliceous rocks of the upper Pendleside series and Mill- 
stone Grits. 
MossEs.—Mr. Fred. Haxby writes :—From an ecological 
standpoint, the most abundant moss in the whole district was 
Hylocomium squarrosum B. and S., both on the hedge banks 
and on the higher reaches, 1500 feet and more. Hypnum 
Schreberi Willd. was an important species amongst the grass 
on the moorlands 
In the temporary wet places on the higher parts Hypnum 
jluitans was seen covering areas of several square yards. 
Aulacomnium palustre Schweg. also helped the Sphagnum. 
On the wall tops, associated with Draba verna, were Tortula 
subulata and Ceratodon purpurens in abundant fruit. 
The following is a list of species identified from gatherings 
in the Westmorland area in the immediate neighbourhood of 
Kirkby Stephen :— 
Andreea petyophila Ehrh. Rhacomitrium lanuginosum Brid. 
Polytvichum stvictum Banks, C. fr. | R. canescens Brid, 
Pleuridium subulatum Rabenh. Ptychomitrium polyphyllum Furn. 
Ditvichum flexicaule var. densum | Tortula intermedia Berk. 
B. and S. Barbula vecurvifolia Schp. 
Swartzia montana Lindb. Weista rupestris C.M. 
Seligeria pusilla B. and S. Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. 
Fissidens decipiens De Not. | Zygodon viridissimus R. Brown. 
1913 June 1. 
