328 Yorkshire Naturalists at Great Ayton. 
perforatum, Hyp. hirsutum, Arctium minus, and Galeopsis 
Tetrahit were likewise common. Undoubtedly the most 
conspicuous were the Willow-herbs (Epilobium angustifolium, 
E. lursutum, E. parviflorum, E. montanum), and near the water 
tanks, a variety of E. tetragonum which appeared after ex- 
amination to answer to var. Lamyi Schultz. In the woods at 
Kildale and Airyholme was a shade form of Teucrium scoro- 
donia with leaves five to six inches in length, by two and a half 
inches broad across the centre of the’blade ; the petiole being 
half an inch in length. In a pasture near Easby the mode of 
sucker reproduction by the Canadian Poplar (Populus canescens) 
was well evidenced by a miniature plantation of young trees, 
many of which were distant some ten yards from the parent 
tree. The most conspicuous grass of the hedgerows was 
Arrenatherum avenaceum, whilst Phleum pratense was abundant 
by roadside waste. Aira praecox and Triodia decumbens were 
observed on Easby Moor, and in Kildale Woods was the un- 
common fern, Polystichum aculeatum. On a bit of moorland 
above Kildale was an abundance of Tvientalis europea in fruit. 
An investigation of a portion of the Whin Dyke, while 
crossing to Roseberry Topping, exhibited some interesting 
phases of plant life. After passing through the woods the lias 
shales were met with. Their base supports an abundance of 
Rubus fruitcosus, Arctium minus, Digitalis purpurea and 
_Urtica dioica. The middle portion of the shale debris and ledges 
is controlled almost entirely by Tveucrium scorodonia, while 
on the summit is Teucriwm and Bracken, the chief grasses 
being Arrenatherum and Agrostis. Continuing the climb to 
where the old workings are revealed by an immense dyke, 
the first feature of the flora was a large area dominated entirely 
by Nepeta hederacea, passing into a zone controlled by a splendid 
growth of Teucrium and Holcus, terminated by Bracken areas, 
with winding strips of softer grass sward of Agrostis intermingled 
with which is Galium verum and Thymus serpyllum. At the 
base of Roseberry Topping was Hypericum humifusum. 
MossEs AND HeEpatics.—Mr. Wm. Ingham, BA., writes :— 
As the mosses of the district have been very well worked, the 
chief attention at this excursion was given to Hepatics. 
Hepatics.—On Roseberry Topping only two Liverworts 
were seen, Lophozia ventricosa, and L. Floerkiu. In Kildale 
Wood the prominent Hepatic was Haplozia crenulata which 
occurred in extensive vivid green sheets on the sloping clay 
banks. In one wet place was a very large form, known on the 
continent as forma elatior Gottsche. 
By the river and in a ditch by the path was Pellia Fab- 
broniana var. lorea, in large patches, this variety being rare at 
present. Another interesting plant was Haplozia sphaerocarpa 
Naturalist, 
