Geology at the British Association. 389 
he had found a complete sequence of Cambrian beds with 
fossils which showed a close affinity with the Scandinavian de- 
velopment. In the discussion which followed the great value of 
these researches was pointed out, and that this is likely now 
to become the type section of the British area. Mr. Illing 
also exhibited a series of magnified pictures of the triobites 
found in thé beds showing several new forms of Agnostus. 
Dr. Vaughan Cornish described the conditions of the 
transport of detritus superficially and in suspension. He 
pointed out that the rate of subsidence is the constant which 
best defines the behaviour of a granular material with respect 
to transportation by currents. The detritus may be classified 
in three groups according to the value of this constant. He 
pointed out that the change of direction of the vertical 
currents in sea waves does not occur simultaneously with the 
change of direction of the horizontal currents, and the result 
of the sequence of the changes is to endow waves with a 
shoreward action upon shingle and the coarser kinds of sand 
independently of any motion of translation in the water. In 
tides also rise does not commence simultaneously with flow, 
nor fall with ebb, and the sequence of these changes is such 
as to make the flood tide more effective than the ebb as an 
agent of littoral drift, apart from any greater speed of current. 
A fine series of Field Excursions was arranged under the 
supervision of Professor Lapworth, who prepared for the 
Handbook an excellent account of the geology and geography 
of the neighbourhood, illustrated by maps. On Saturday, 
13th September, large parties of geologists were conducted to 
the Lickey Hills and the Clent by Professor Lapworth, to 
Nuneaton and Atherstone by Professor W. W. Watts and 
Mr. Illing, and to the Wrekin by Professor W. S. Boulton. 
The climatic conditions were excellent and the excursions 
thoroughly appreciated. Afternoon excursions were also taken 
to Dudley and the Wren’s Nest under Professor Lapworth, to 
the Lickey under Mr. F. Raw, and to Halesowen under Mr. 
L. J. Wills. The usual Geological Dinner was arranged, and 
proved a pleasant and successful function. 
-O:; 
Mines and Mining in the (English) Lake District. Third Edition. By 
John Postlethwaite, F.E.S. Whitehaven: W. H. Moses and Son. The 
first edition of this work was issued as long ago as 1877 and we are glad to 
find the author still hard at work on his favourite theme. The present 
book is a great improvement and contains many plans and sections of 
mines, plates of characteristic fossils. views of the mines and of Lake 
District scenery, There is also added ‘a Synopsis of the State Papers 
relating to the Mines in Newlands, and Smelting works at Keswick, copied 
from the Calendar of State papers, published by Robert Lemon, F.S.A.’ 
These date from 1561 to 1572. The book will be found exceedingly 
useful to the more intelligent visitors to Lakeland. 
1913 Nov. I, 
