Anthropology at the British Association. 395 
soul to come forth to the offerings, and the pottery brought 
to the grave by the relatives with the food and drink for the 
dead, are exactly as they had been left over seven thousand 
years ago. Another site at Gerzah has given good results of 
the Twelfth and Eighteenth Dynasties. In one large tomb 
the body of an ancient plunderer was found, crushed by the 
fall of the roof just as he was about to remove the ornaments, 
which included a gold pectoral inlaid with coloured stones. 
At Memphis more statuary and sculptures were found during 
the clearing of a further acre and a half of the great Temple 
of Ptah. 
The discovery of a remarkable standard measure of 
Ptolemaic age, engraved on a slab, giving 26°8 inches 
as the value of a cubit, is. important, as this standard 
was known in Egypt under the Eighteenth Dynasty, and was 
used in Asia Minor, classical Germany, and mediaeval England. 
In one mastaba were found a duck and three donkeys 
buried in full-size human graves. This appears to be 
a unique find. An important discussion arose out of 
the material in this paper, relating to the evolution of the 
dolmen, Professor Elhott Smith suggesting that the type of 
mastaba was gradually spread along the Mediterranean and 
eventually became the dolmen now found in Europe and the 
British Isles, in India and right across the Pacific. Professor 
Boyd Dawkins and Professor Flinders Petrie expressed the 
opinion, which we believe is shared by the majority of 
Egyptologists, that the Egyptian mastaba is not a Megalithic 
monument at all, and that there is no evidence of a flow of 
people out of Egypt at any period. There is no necessity to 
seek unity of origin of a stone monument found in all parts 
of the world. 
“The People of Keftiu and the Isles from the Egyptian 
Monuments,’ by Mr. G. A. Wainwright, contained a summary 
of the geography and civilization of the Mediterranean about 
1500 to 1100 B.C. Brugsch suggested long ago that the 
Egyptian Keftiu referred to the Hebrew Caphtor, and that 
both were equivalent to Crete. On subjecting the material, 
e.g., paintings from Rekhmara, Senmut, and geographical 
lists from various places, it became evident that the greater 
part of Keftiuan civilization is not Cretan but Syrian. Hence 
there is strong support that Caphtor is probably Asia Minor, 
also that the identification of both Keftiu and Caphtor with 
Crete has come about owing to the presence of Cretans on the 
paintings with each of them, these being the people of the 
Isles with the Keftiuans, and the Cherethites with the Caph- 
torim or Philistines proper, Keftiu then appears to be Cilicia. 
The dress of the Keftiuans consisted of a pointed ornamented 
kilt, which was likened to the ultra-modern slashed skirt. 
1913 Nov. I. 
