246 NOTES — BOTANY. 



as well as the student. The chapter on ' Heteroecism ' is particularly 

 interesting, and gives the history of this remarkable phenomenon, also 

 a list of forty-seven hetercecious species, showing the year in which 

 the life-history of each was first worked out. Puccmia graminis 

 heads the list, and was first demonstrated by De Bary in 1864 to be 

 connected with ALcidium berberidis, and it concludes with Puccinia 

 trailii, which in 1888 was proved to be genetically connected with 

 sEcidium acetosce by the author. Many valuable hints are given to 

 the young student in the chapters dealing with ' spore culture,' and 

 ' the artificial infection of plants,' and a list of imperfectly-known 

 species indicates where one has an opportunity of distinguishing 

 himself. 



Thirty pages are devoted to descriptions of the British species of 

 Ustilaginese, and two excellent chapters on germination of teleuto- 

 spores and infection of host-plants by Ustilaginese. 



The volume also contains a glossary of terms, and three separate 

 indices, which doubtless will be found useful. 



The eight lithographic plates are admirably done, in addition to 

 which there are several good woodcuts. The quality of the paper 

 and the printing leave nothing to be desired, but the colour of the 

 binding is a strange choice. It certainly suggests uredospores, but 

 is altogether inappropriate for a book of this character, and one 

 that no doubt will be much handled. However, the work is a 

 valuable addition to mycological literature, and we have pleasure in 

 recommending it. — H.T.S. 



NOTES— BOTANY. 



Algae in Upper Swaledale. — Last year my friend Mr. W. D. Roebuck 

 kindly culled some material for me from Birkdale Tarn Moss (in Upper Swaledale), 

 at an altitude of 1,620 ft. This gathering has yielded the following species, some 

 of which are not by any means frequent : — Polyedrium gigas Wittr., Ophiocytium 

 cochleare Braun, Penium brebissonii Ralfs, Cylindrocystis diplospora Lund., 

 C. crassa D.By. , Tetmemorus gramdatus Ralfs, Micrasterias papillifera Breb., 

 Cosmarium obliquum Nord. , Calocylindrus atcurbita D.By., Staurastrum avicula 

 Breb., S. polymorphiim Breb., S. margaritaceiun Meneg. , Spirogyra longata 

 Yauch., Microsporci fugacissima (Ag. ), M. jioccosa Thur., Chroococcus turgidus 

 Nag. , Navicula rhomboides Ehrenb., A r . ajfinis Ehrenb. , Pinmdaria viridis 

 Rabenh., and P. acrospJncria Rabenh. — W. West, Bradford, 8th July, 1889. 



Twin-flowering of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. — Mr. A. E. Hall, 

 of Sheffield, sends an abnormal flowering specimen of the above wild plant of our 

 meadows and waste places, the Ox-eye Daisy or ' Margarets,' from a field near 

 Wharncliffe Wood. He says in his note: — 'I enclose a flower of the common 

 " Moonpenny " with two flowers on one stalk. I daresay you have had many 

 sent you, but if not I thought it might be interesting.' The two composite 

 heads of florets are exactly at right angles to the slender peduncle, with their 

 involucres placed back to back. It is interesting to have another English name, 

 the ' Moonpenny,' to the series by which Chrysatdhej/itim leucanthemum is 

 commonly known in various districts. I have seen a similar abnormal growth of 

 the common May-weed, Matricaria inodoi-a, but not before of the Chrysanthemum. 

 —P. Fox Lee, Dewsbury, 18th July, 1889. 



Naturalist, 



