Wood he ad : Classification of Alien Plants. 125 



in the country, but to some extent have now abandoned their 

 natural habitats and g^one over to the cultivated areas, and 

 there more or less adapted themselves, e.g., Nasturtium 

 palnstre, native in wet places, goes over to the rubbish heap, 

 and there takes on a changed growth, (f. erectinn). 



We can therefore define the Anthropophytes as follows : — 

 The Anthropophile element of a floral district includes all 

 the plants of the artificial areas, and those not originally wild in 

 the natural habitats ; their representatives thus owe their 

 importation, or at least their habitat, to the activity of man. 



Each of the two divisions characterised above ma}' be 

 divided into nine categories : — 



A. Anthropochores, brought into the country by man. 



I. Intentionally introduced by man, e.g., foreign cultivated 

 plants and their derivatives. 



(i) Ergasiophytes (nob.), exotic cultivated plants including 

 medicinal and ornamental plants which have reached their 

 habitat (field, garden, &c.) by the conscious activity of man, 

 and have been cultivated by him, e.g., Secale cereale (cultivated 

 cereal), Pelargonium sonale (ornamental plant), Althcea officinalis 

 (medicinal plant). 



(2) Ergasiobpophytes (Naegeli and Thellung), relics of 

 cultivation, were originally planted in natural habitats, and 

 have maintained themselves without the intentional cultivation 

 of man, e.g., Acorns calamus, Fraxinus ornus. 



(3) Ergasiophygophytes (Rikli), fugitives from cultivation, 

 which have reached other habitats without the assistance of 

 man, i.e., grow 'wild' in : — 



{a) Artificial areas (fields, ruderal habitats), e.g.. Lobelia 

 crinus (ornamental plant, ' wild ' on rubbish heap). Silene amieria 

 (ornamental plant, in grain) Petroselinum sativum (economic 

 plant, in ruderal habitats), &c. The duration of these is for the 

 most part temporary. 



{h) In natural /labitats {meadows, woods, &c.), e.g., Robinia 

 pseudacacia (ornamental plant, ' wild ' in woods). Scoraonera 

 hispanica (economic plant, in meadows). From the duration 

 and constancy of their occurrence, they are partly casuals 

 (compare 7, e.g., Gladiolus communis), partly denizens (compare 

 5, e.g., Robinia). 



igo6 April i. 



