192 Yorkshire Naturalists at Iiiirlctoti. 



open pastures ; it is probably the case that they were broug-ht 

 up by birds {e.g. Ivy berries) or by wind [e.g. Hoj^weed), 

 and have found in the pavement fissures at this altitude, 

 conditions suitable for growth. On descending- to the Granite 

 Quarry, a line of springs was found where the geologists were 

 searching for the basement beds of the Limestone. Primula 

 farinosa (almost in flower) and the Butterwort were conspicuous 

 here. 



The later part of the day was spent in the woods from 

 Thornton Force down to Ingleton. The vegetation here was a 

 marked contrast to the dry, small-leaved, wiry vegetation of the 

 Limestone Pastures, and most of the pavement species were 

 seen again. Hazel is the dominant element in these woods, and 

 at this season its light foliage showed up the dark Yew bushes 

 scattered amongst it. Ash is fairly abundant, only just coming 

 into flower, Mountain Ash and Thorn were breaking into leaf. 

 The wood is on the whole a good example of the Ash-Hazel 

 copse of Upper Wharfedale, but Oak was distinctly more 

 abundant, and was present as far up the valley as the rocks 

 above Thornton Force. The close carpet of undergrowth was 

 also found to be made up of species recorded in the Scar woods 

 round Kettlewell. The most abundant grass is Brachypodium 

 svlvaticum, the broad, light-green leaves of which were very 

 conspicuous. Some of the wood plants seen in flower were 

 Sanicle, Woodruff, Early Purple Orchis, Bluebell, Primrose, 

 Lords and Ladies, Mercury, Wood Rush and Melic Grass. An 

 evening exploration of the Hazel copses on Meal Bank, between 

 the two streams at Ingleton, added to the list Goldielocks and 

 Herb Paris in flower, with Globe Flower, Lily of the Valley, and 

 Thalictruni in bud. We have given the results at some length, 

 because we consider that the Botanical Survey of Yorkshire has 

 gained something profitable from this excursion of the Y. N.U, 



Mr. C. A. Cheeth.'\m adds : — In the evening we climbed the 

 hill between the two becks and behind the limekiln ; on the way 

 up we saw Sesleria cwrulea, Carex veriia, and Carex Jlacca in 

 flower. In the wood on the top the Bird Cherry was very fine. 

 Flowerless plants of the Hairy Violet, Stone Bramble, Bird's 

 Eye Primrose, &c. , were seen. 



The following day we took up the Tliornlon beck gyll, and 

 the first noted were the fertile stems of Equisetum ariK'nse and 

 E. maximum, also the barren stems of E. hyemale. The 

 plants in flower were whitlow grass, scurvy grass, moschatel, 

 thale cress, and hairy rock cress. 



Naturalist, 



