GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 103 
ridge; surface of the cast showing rather distant vertical folds, but. very 
little indication of spiral strie, the shell being probably too thick for them 
to be transmitted to the cast. 
This species differs from 7. Hilgardi, as identified from New Jersey, in 
the more elevated spire, larger umbilical opening, more rounded volutions, 
and more distant vertical folds; from 7. plicata, herein described, in its 
more ventricose form, less oblique volutions, larger umbilical opening, 
absence of tooth, and more distant vertical folds. 
Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks, New 
Jersey. From the collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 
TURBINOPSIS MAJOR, N. sp. 
Plate x11, Figs. 15, 16, 21-23. 
Shell very large as compared with other species of the genus, the frag- 
ment of a cast figured measuring over 1} inches across the body volution, 
while the entire height has not been less than 24 inches; volutions large, 
heavy and massive, strongly rounded on the surface, and probably about 
five in number; spire short, the apical angle having been about 60°, making 
the height of the spire above the top of the body volution, when measured 
on the back of the shell, about equal to the length of the body volution 
from that point downward; aperture obliquely elliptical-ovate, as in other 
species of the genus; columellar cavity in the cast very large, measuring 
nearly half an inch in its greatest width, the lower edge being raised above 
the general surface, indicating a notch or groove at the base of the aper- 
ture in the shell, with a rounded callosity above it, forming or representing 
the tooth or fold on the columella; surface of the shell, as shown on the 
surface between the volutions, marked by distant spiral ridges, at least on 
the lower sides of the volution, and also by much more distant vertical 
ridges or folds. 
The species as represented by the fragments in hand is so distinct in 
size and proportions from any of the others recognized that it can not be 
confounded with them, while its general features are so marked that it will 
be readily distinguished from any other shell found in New Jersey or else- 
where. 
