76 
NEW-YORK FAUNA-BIRDS. 
FAMIL Y MOTAC1LLID/E. 
Bill moderately long, straight, slender: bristles at the base small or wanting. Upper man¬ 
dible slightly notched and bent at the tip. Nostrils basal, elliptical, half closed by a 
membrane. Form slender. Tongue cartilaginous, slender; the tip slit. Toes subequal ; 
the claw of the hind toe generally long. Wings moderate or long ; the scapulars occa¬ 
sionally much elongated. Tail emarginate. 
GENUS ANTHUS. Bechstein. 
Bill moderate, straight, destitute of bristles ; edges somewhat inflected in the middle. Upper 
mandible carinate at the base, rounded beyond, notched slightly, and a little bent at the tip. 
Tarsus much compressed, longer than the middle toe ; hind toe shortest, with a long and 
rather straight claw'. Outer three quills subequal, longest. Secondaries notched at the 
tips : one or more of the scapulars (inner secondaries, Audubon) nearly as long as the 
primaries. Tail long, emarginate. 
THE AMERICAN TITLARK. 
Anthus uudovicianus. 
PLATE LX1V. FIG. 99 (Male). 
(STATE COLLECTION. Male and female.) 
Alauda ludoriciana. LlNN.®us. Gmelin. 
Alauda rufa. Wilson, Ara. Orn. Vol. 5, p. 89, pi. 42, fig. 4. 
Anthus spinoletta. Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. Vol. 2, p. 90. 
A. aquaticus et pipiens. Audubon, folio, pi. 10 and 80; Orn Biog. Vol. 1, p- 49 (adult) ; Vol. 1, p. 408 (young) . 
Vol. 5, p. 449. 
Brown or Red Lark. Ntjttall, Man. Orn. Vol. i, p. 450. 
A. aquaticus. Richardson, F. B. A. Vol. 2, p. 231, pi. 44. 
American Pipit or Titlark. Audubon, B. of A. Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 150 
A. ludovicianus, Americon Pipit. Giraud, Birds of Long island, p. 94. 
Characteristics. Beneath, and line over the eye whitish; breast spotted with black. Tail- 
feathers dark : outer one half white ; the second, and occasionally the 
third, tipped with white. Old male, slightly roseate beneath. Female, 
more spotted below. Young, line over the eye, and beneath, reddish 
yellow. Length, 7 inches. 
