160 
NEW-YORK FAUNA-BIRDS. 
THE TREE BUNTING. 
Emberiza canadensis. 
PLATE LXXII. FIG. 164. 
(STATE COLLECTION.) 
Passer canadensis , Brisson. Fringilla id. Latham. 
Tree Sparrow. Pennant, Arct. Zool Vol. 2, p. ‘273. 
F. arborea. Wilson, Am; Orn. Vol. 2, p. 123, pi. 16, fig. 3. 
F. (Spiza) canadensis. Bonaparte. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. Vol. 2, p. 109. 
E. id. Audubon, folio, pi. 188. Nuttall, Man. Orn. Vol. 1, p.495. 
Emberiza id. Richardson, F. B. A. Vol. 2, p 252. Kirtland, Zool. Ohio, p. 164. Peabody, Mass. Report, 
p. 324. Audubon, Birds of Am. Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 166. Giraud, Birds of Long island, p. 107. 
Characteristics. Crown bright bay. Stripe over the eye, sides of the neck, chin and breast 
pale ash. Wings with two white bars. Lower mandible yellow. Length, 
six and a half inches. 
Description. Bill short and stout, slightly notched near the tip. The second and third 
quills slightly 1 mger than the fourth and fifth. Tail long, emarginate and slightly rounded, 
1 • 5 longer than the tips of the closed wings ; the feathers narrow, somewhat pointed. Hind 
nail largest, long, incurved. 
Color. Back varied with dark rufous, grey and white. Rump olive-brown. Eye-stripe 
short, and of a bright bay color. Chin, throat and breast ashen grey ; belly and vent white, 
tinged with rufous. Flanks light reddish drab. A dark spot, more or less distinct, on the 
middle of the breast. Head bright bay above. Quills dusky, edged with soiled white : two 
white bars across the wings. Tail-feathers bordered with greyish; the edge of the external 
feather on each side white. Female, smaller, and its colors and markings not quite as distinct. 
Length, 6'0-6‘5. Alar extent, 9'0-9'5. 
This little bunting is a northern bird, and is only seen in the Atlantic district of this State 
during the winter. On the approach of spring, it resorts to the fur countries, where it breeds. 
Audubon states that he has reason to believe that it breeds in Maine, and we may therefore 
expect to find it near the northern boundary of this State. Its eggs are of a pale uniform 
deep blue. It feeds on beetles, and hard seeds and berries. It occurs in Ohio, and has been 
noticed in Maryland. 
