PASSERES — FRINGILLIDvE — LOXIA. 
183 
THE WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. 
Loxia leucoptera. 
PLATE LXIII. PIG. 145 (Yoons mile). 
(STATE COLLECTION.) 
Loxia leucoptera, Gmelin. Pennant, Arct. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 347. 
Curvirostra id. Wilson, Am. Orn. Vol. 4, p. 48, pi. 31, fig. 3 (young male). 
Loxia id. Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. Vol. 2, p. 117. Id. Am. Om. Vol. 2, p. 84, pi. 15, fig. 3 (female). 
Nuttall, Manual Orn. Vol. 1, p. 540. Audubon, fol. pi. 364. Rich. & Swainson, F. B. A. 
Vol. 2, p. 263. Peabody, Mass. Rep. p. 331. Audubon, B. of A. Vol. 3, p. 190, pi. 201. 
Giraud, Birds of Long island, p. 131. 
Characteristics. Carmine red. Wings and tail black ; the former with two white bands. 
Female, dusky olive ; breast and rump yellow. Length, inches. 
Description. The first, second and third quills longest. Tail deeply emarginate ; the 
feathers acuminate, curved outwards, about an inch longer than the tips of the closed wings. 
Lower mandible shortest. 
Color, included in the specific phrase ; the posterior white band on the wings broadest. 
Female, the white bands on the wings narrow. Young, dull yellowish ; beneath spotted and 
streaked with brown. 
Length, 6’0-6'5. Alar spread, lO-S-ll-O. 
This is a northern species, which, although common enough along the shores of Lake 
Ontario, rarely descends to the southern part of the State, unless when impelled by the 
severity of the season : it then appears occasionally in large flocks. It probably breeds in 
this State, as a few have been observed to breed in New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. Its eggs 
are white, spotted with yellowish. It ranges from 40 to 68° north. Accidental in Europe. 
{EXTRA-LIMITAL.) 
FAMILY PSITTACID.E. 
Bill large, short, high, convex above and below, with a cere at the base: upper mandible hooked at 
the tip; lower shortest. Nostrils open in the cere. Tongue fleshy, short and thick. Toes two 
before and two behind. Tail of twelve feathers. 
Genus Conurtjs, Kuhl. Edges of the upper mandible with a deep notch near the tip: lower mandible 
truncate. Tarsus very short. Second quill longest. Tail long, cuneate, of twelve narrow 
tapering feathers. 
C. carolinensis, Parrakeet. (Aud. B. of A. Vol. 3, pi. 278.) Green. Cheeks red; remainder of the 
head, neck and throat yellow. Young, uniform green. Length, 14 inches. Southern Slates. 
Obs. In the year 1795, a large flock of these birds was seen in the middle of winter, 25 miles 
northwest of Albany; probably transported by a whirlwind. 
