3. Butterflies, red or fulvous wings varied with black, white, yellow, 

 blue, etc. : urticce, paphia, linea, phlceas, athalia, cardui, etc. 



He describes a large number of Lepidoptera. 



The book-maker, even as early as this, began his travesties of 

 more serious work, and we get in 1745 Benjamin Wilkes, who later 

 on became notorious both politically and socially, issuing a gaudily 

 coloured "picture" book, in folio, on British butterflies. Another 

 of this class of book was Albin's " Nat. Hist, of British Insects," 

 with crude coloured figures of many species. 



From the time of Linne to the end of the eighteenth century, 

 1758 — 1800, we have the works of a splendid band of able students, 

 full of the enthusiasm aroused by the influence of the great Swede, 

 and encouraged by the facility of reference and intercourse on 

 natural subjects which the new method of nomenclature afforded. 

 Foremost among these we must place a worthy pupil of the great 

 Linne, J. C. Fabricius, of whom Linne remarked to a friend, 

 " When I see Fabricius with an insect I take off my hat." This 

 illustrious man was a native of Schleswig. He went as a student to 

 Upsala, and soon became the pupil and subsequently the trusted 

 life-long friend and assistant of Linne. While Linne devoted his 

 attention to animals and plants as well as to insects, Fabricius 

 restricted his studies to insects alone. In fact Linne, as I have just 

 noted, openly recognised in Fabricius an entomologist far superior 

 to himself. Fabricius visited all the great cities of Europe, coming 

 to England on many occasions, studied all the great collections, and 

 met with every naturalist of repute, thus gaining a vast amount of 

 information, which, added to the possession of innumerable speci- 

 mens collected for him in all parts of the world by an enthusiastic 

 band of collectors, formed the basis of a large number of most 

 valuable works. Linnaeus based his classification of insects on the 

 wings. Fabricius made use of the organs of the mouth for his. 

 First appeared his " System of Entomology," after that his " Genera 

 of Insects," then came his " Species of Insects," and subsequently 

 his much enlarged " System of Entomology " in six volumes. The 

 main object of these writings of Fabricius was to describe and 

 classify, so that each new species discovered might be placed in its 

 proper position, and given its relative importance. This was a work 

 for which pre-Linngean times had scarcely produced a single author. 

 But now we find numerous German and English writers producing 

 works on the same lines, adapting Linnsean and Fabrician methods 

 to the needs of their own country. Numbers of lists and faunas 

 more or less descriptive and original appeared. 



The most useful and important of these works, perhaps, was that 

 known as the W.V., or Vienna List, compiled by two clerics, who 

 were admirable entomologists. This was a systematic List of much 

 originality, with a classification based on larval and other characters, 

 with many most valuable descriptions and observations. It appeared 

 in 1776, and was subsequently revised several times. In Britain we 



