24 



Other writers of less merit brought out periodical illustrated 

 parts of " Miscellanies," with figures of any object of Natural History 

 as it came to hand. Swainson's " Zoological Illustrations " is an 

 example. His figures of shells were very beautifully executed. 



Wood's " Index Entomologicus," issued in 1833-39, ^^^^ the first 

 attempt made to figure all the known species of British Lepidoptera. 

 This book consists of a series of plates of coloured figures, all of 

 which are reduced to a uniform size. The figures and colouring 

 were good, and the book still has a good market value. The letter- 

 press was a mere catalogue, with localities. 



Doubleday (Edward) and Hewitson issued two folio volumes of 

 coloured plates of Butterflies from 1846 to 1852, entitled "Genera 

 of Diurnal Lepidoptera " ; and Hewitson, with the assistance of 

 W. W. Saunders, Prof. Westwood, and others, subsequently pub- 

 lished five volumes of "Exotic Butterflies" from 1851 to 1857, and 

 a volume of " Lycsenidas " in 1878. These volumes contain a very 

 large number of figures of butterflies, a considerable proportion of 

 which represent species obtained by Bates and Wallace on the 

 Amazon, Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, and Buckley in Ecuador 

 and Bolivia. The huge, rich, and unrivalled collections of Hewitson 

 were bequeathed to the British Museum, and those of us who 

 frequent the lower regions of that building have seen the richly 

 carved cabinets which contained them. 



John Obadiah Westwood. No summary would be complete, even 

 partially, without mention of this remarkable man. Living to the 

 ripe age of 87, for more than sixty years his name was always to 

 the fore in entomology. Not only did he study all orders of insects 

 deeply, but he found time to do good and lasting work among 

 the Crustacea. His post of Professor of Zoology in the Uni- 

 versity of Oxford and his Curatorship of the Hope Museum kept 

 him in touch with all that was being done. Of his writings, from 

 their purely scientific aspect, his '' Modern Classification of Insects " 

 is undoubtedly the most enduring. Although published in 1839, 

 it still maintains much of its scientific value. His delight was 

 to produce books that were beautifully illustrated, and during his 

 long career but few works of any pretention, no new edition of any 

 old work of value was produced, unless Prof. Westwood had some 

 part in its production. Not only had he a facile pen, but his pencil 

 showed what a skilful hand was behind it. Moses Harris' " Aure- 

 lian," Donovan's works, Drury's works. Wood's " Index," and many 

 others were re-issued with his assistance. Up to the year 1862, 

 thirty years before his death, Hagen gives a list of 379 books, 

 articles, papers, etc., produced by him. In fact his knowledge was 

 encyclopaedic, and his power for work herculean. In the spread of 

 general scientific knowledge of insect forms he was possibly more 

 instrumental than any one man has been or even could be again. 



In 181 5 was published the first volume of " Elements of Ento- 

 mology " by Messrs. Kirby and Spence ; the fourth and last appeared 



