46 



are met with without having to postulate that they originate in the 

 germinal material in the ovum. 



As bearing on the value of the three duplications in my L. dispar 

 experiments, it may be noted that though the number of described, 

 or at least recorded, specimens of teratological interest is very great, 

 a very large proportion of these refer to the legs of beetles and a 

 good many to their antennae. Amongst Lepidoptera a good many 

 antennal anomalies are recorded, but almost the only one of leg 

 malformation is Mr. Bacot's specimen of C. nupta (described 

 "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," 1907). 



Of Lepidopterous antennae a curious one is a specimen of Olene 

 pJiilodia with four antennoe, figured in "Psyche," vol. xi, but no 

 definite details are given. Another instance is recorded by M. 

 Oberthiir ("Bull. Ent. Soc. Fr.," 1900, p. 53) a case of two 

 antennae on the right side of a specimen of Doleschallia amboi?iensis, 

 one above the other, the upper slightly smaller than the lower 

 normal one. 



Mr. Pickett's specimen of Ant/irocera fiHpe?idiihe, with the right 

 antenna gradually dividing into two, so that the basal half is single, 

 though it terminates in two clubs, is a remarkable specimen, in so 

 far that there is not, so far as I have searched, any record of a 

 parallel specimen in Lepidoptera, though something very similar 

 occurs in Coleoptera. On its own merits I should be inclined to 

 believe this to be of congenital origin, but some disorder of the right 

 upper wing may point to injury and regeneration. 



Poujade notes ("Bull. Ent. Soc. Fr.," 1899, p. 44) an abnormal 

 antenna in a Co?-ditiegaster, only remarkable in that the antennas of 

 dragonflies, being so small, are not often critically examined, and such 

 records are, therefore, otherwise almost wanting. The various 

 defects we find in wings may be attributed, firstly, to 9. malformation 

 ab initio, as for instance, no doubt, the L. dispar already referred to ; 

 and very similar to these are specimens of Lasiocampa quercus v. 

 ca/lunce of Mr. Tutt's and an Ehinephile jurtina of mine. This want 

 of a sector of wing is not uncommon. The most remarkable instance 

 of this wing deformity is a specimen of Salurfiia pyri figured by 

 Aigner-Abafi in the " Illust. Zeitschr.," vol. v, p. 99. 



No doubt very similar appearances may result from interference 

 with the pupa, and some of Mr. Tutt's Zyganidce rather suggest such 

 an explanation. 



Of specimens malformed from pupal damage, we probably have 

 examples in most of those with indented hind margins, such as 

 Mr. Tutt's Hippanhia areihusa, Celei-io galii, several Zygcenidce, 

 Polyofnmatus icarus, Erebia meiampus, and Agriades coridon, my 

 examples of Doritis apollina and Smerinthus oceilatus, and two of 

 Dr. Hodgson's A. thetis. If the other is so, it is unusually sym- 

 metrical, and suggests a possibly congenital origin. 



Most of the other specimens of wing deformity shown are probably 

 of larval origin, the result of injury to the imaginat discs of the wings 



