48 



regenerations of wings that duplication appears to present amongst 

 regenerations of legs. 



As varieties of these extra wings we have what is regarded as the 

 original wing, either quite normal, or altered in some way ; the addi- 

 tional wing may be above it, below it, in front or behind it, and 

 may have various degrees of development, or there may be a third 

 wing. The extra wing or wings may be separate or connected with 

 the original wing. The most remarkable instance of this sort I have 

 seen was Mr. Main's Arctia ca/'a, which I may briefly describe as 

 having three hind-wings, laid on each other like three sheets of paper, 

 but with a common costa. 



A specimen of Strenia clathrata shown has an alulet arising from 

 the end of the cell of the right Lind-wing beneath ; the wing itself is 

 reduced in size, and apart from the alulet suggests that it is a re- 

 generated wing. 



Mr. Pickett's Einatur-ga atomaria, with additional wings, is a very 

 typical example of this rare deformity. In considering the effects of 

 injury of the legs and of the wings in the larval state, it is of some 

 importance to remember that the legs of the larva become the legs 

 of the imago, and are external and functional, whilst the wings are 

 internal, and remain in quasi-embryonic condition. 



There are various described malformations, usually in Coleoptera, 

 of head, thorax, or elytra, that can only be grouped as being almost 

 certainly the result of injury in early stages ; one of the most curious 

 of these is perhaps a malformation in a beetle, Mecinus pyrasfer, 

 Hbst., described and figured in the " Bull. Ent. Soc. Fr.," 1903, p. 88, 

 by M. H. Gadeau de Kerville. In this specimen the dorsum of the 

 prothorax may be described as wanting, so that the head appears 

 sunk in the back of the prothorax, the anterior and posterior margins 

 of which meet dorsally. One supposes this must have arisen by the 

 destruction of this portion of the insect in the larval stages, probably 

 a late larval stage. The remarkable point is that the insect should 

 survive such an injury and reach the imaginal stage ; no doubt in a 

 vast majority of cases such an injury would be fatal. In fact, in all 

 instances of this sort, we may be sure that were the injury not so 

 usually fatal the malformations would be much more frequent than 

 they are. 



There are a good many cases reported of anomalous malforma- 

 tions that might be described as the right organs growing in the 

 wrong places (or times), or the right places growing wrong organs. 

 To these would belong such cases as a pupa growing larval jaws 

 ("Trans. Ent. Soc," 1907, p. 173), or larvae assuming pupal characters 

 ("E. M. M.," vol. xxxii, p, 54), or larvae possessing (minute) wings, 

 not very rare in Psychids, and of which I have met with an example. 



As examples I may note that Mr. W. M. Wheeler describes and 

 figures in " Psyche," xi, an extraordinary antenna — extraordinary 

 because it is not the antenna of the species affected — growing out of 

 the coxa of a Dipteron. 



