149 



" Charaas grauiinis. — A variable series from Eastbourne, 

 including both male and female of the reddish form. 



" Gnophos ohscnrata. — A variable series from Eastbourne, 

 where they were taken freshly emerged on the rough ground 

 under the cliffs." 



Dr. Hodgson exhibited a very large number of varieties, 

 bred or captured by himself during the last few years, 

 arranged (I) to show divergence or contrast in extreme forms 

 of species, and (II) to show convergence or similarity in 

 forms of different species, in males, females, and under- 

 sides. 



I. Divergence. 



A. Racial: (i) from different localities: 



e.g. Coenonympha tiphon, Melitcea aurinia, Aphan- 

 topHs hypcranthes, Brenthis selcne. 

 (2) From same locality : 



e.g. Pieris napi, Pieris rapcr. 



B. Aberrational : 



e.g. B. sclene, B. eiiphrosyne, Argynnis aglaia, 

 Agriades cor id on. 



C. Racial and aberrational : 



e. g. Pleheins argus, females. 



D. Seasonal : 



e.g. Agriades thetis, females, 1907, igo8. 



II. Convergence : 



A. Of allied species. 



P. napi and P. rapce, uppersides almost white, males. 

 P. icarus ab. icarimts and A. astrarchc, undersides, 

 females. 



A. aglaia and A. adippe, uppersides (open border), 



males. 



B. euphrosyne and B. selene, deep brown-red markings 



in excess, undersides, males. 



B. euphrosyne and B. selene, heavily spotted, uppersides, 



males. 

 A. thetis and A. coridon, grey and black, uppersides, 



females, dwarf; with ciliary striae black. 

 P. argils, female, and C. minima, unicolorous. 



B. Groups of species. 



P. icarus and A. thetis, lilac blue, males. 



C. argiolus and P. icarus, violet blue, males. 



C. argiolus, P. argus, and P. icarus, violet, males. 



(Each group shows the same tint scarcely distin- 

 guishable, except by artificial light.) 

 U . comma and C. palcemon, identical in coloration. 



