12 Frederic E. Clements 



fore a labial (tt, ft, <fi, i//), it becomes fi; before a palatal 



(k, y, X, i)y it changes to y; before o-, it is elided and the 



preceding vowel usually lengthens; before another v, it is 



usually retained. 

 TraXLfi/xrJKTj's {ttolXlv), very long; TraAtAXuros, loosed again; 



TraXippoia, back water; Tra\iiJ.ir\avrj<; , wandering to and fro; 



av/xftXeixa (crw), seam; crvfx<j>vcn'i, a growing together; 



(Tvfji{j/aXfxa, harmony; TvaXty Kvpro'Sj fishing net; <Tvyyovo<;, 



congenital; o-wyx/ooos, of like color; (Tvy$ew, to smooth by 



scraping; /xeAavos, /u.eAav-s = /jie\as; Sat/xoi/os, 8aiixov-(n = BaLfji,o(n; 



yt'yavros, yiyavr-s = ytyas. 

 Sw drops its final before o- and a consonant, or before ^, but the 



V is simply assimilated before o- and a vowel. 

 o-va-TrjfjLa, system; crv^w^a, girdle 



o-vo-o-eicr/Aos, earthquake; crvcro-w/xos, united in one body 

 IlaAiv assimilates its v before o- and a vowel, and usually retains 



it before a and a consonant; before another v, it is either 



dropped or retained. 

 iraAtWrros, rushing back; TraAtVo-Kto? or TraAt'o-Ktos, deeply 



shaded 

 TraAtv^wos, living again; TraAtVvosros or TraAiVosros, returning 

 Ayav always drops v, except where doubling or assimilation takes 



place. 

 ayavvK^os, dyappoos 

 Ev does not change its final before p, o-, or C 



(.vpit,o<;, rooted; tvo-rao-ts, plan; iv^evwpi, to boil in 



Doubling of Consonants 



(i) In word- formation, initial p is generally doubled when it 

 follows a vowel, but remains single after a diphthong. 

 htxippwyrj, gap; yXvKvppit,a, sweet root; evpvpewv, broad-flowing; 

 €vpilo<;, well-rooted 



(2) An aspirate is never doubled, but the corresponding surd 



takes the place of the first. 2a7r^w for 2a</>^w, etc. 



(3) Doubling is a frequent phenomenon (mostly in verbs and 



comparatives) when the suffix ya (t) follows the final con- 

 sonant of root or stem; final k, y, x, and, rarely, other 

 explosives, absorbing i, becoming ao-, 8 becomes C, and A, 



becomes AA. 



332 , 



