THE IRON ORE SUPPLY. OF THE SCANDINAVIAN PENINSULA. 343 
Ekersund-Soggendal district, in Norway, are among the largest iron 
deposits in Scandinavia. All attempts to utilise them either for the home 
manufacture or for export have hitherto failed because of the unfitness 
of the ores for metallurgical purposes, which is also the cause why all, or 
nearly all, other titaniferous iron ores all over the world lie unworked. 
Qualities of the Ores. 
The ores considered above differ in such qualities as determine their 
practical utilisation. From this point of view we may classify the ores 
into three classes, viz. :— 
A. Bessemer ores, low in phosphorus. 
B. Ores high in phosphorus, suitable for the basic processes. 
C. Lean ores, too low-grade to be smelted without being subjected to 
magnetic concentration, 
A. The Bessemer ores chiefly occur in the ore province of Central 
Sweden. They generally contain less than 0-05 per cent. of phosphorus, 
often less than 0:01, and only in this case they are considered as free from 
phosphorus. They originally amounted to about 100 M.T., but 60 M.T. 
have already been utilised, and the remaining 40 M.T. will last for the 
home manufacture only thirty years if ores of the same quality from 
Norrbotten are not utilised to a greater extent. 
In the ore province of Norrbotten the supply of ore so low in phos- 
phorus that it may be used as Bessemer ore is very limited. The ores 
most pure with regard to phosphorus, from Kiirunnavaara and Gellivare, 
generally contain from 0-017 per cent. to 0-028 per cent. of phosphorus, 
but the percentage of phosphorus is so variable that the seller does not 
guarantee less percentage than 0:05. Ore of the same quality also occurs 
in Luossavaara and Mertainen. This percentage is considered rather too 
high for the Swedish manufacture of steel by the acid process. Only 
in Tuollavaara an ore with a phosphorus percentage of 0:007-0:015 is 
mined, but the quantities are certainly limited. 
The quantities of ore low in phosphorus available in the above-men- 
tioned mines of Norrbotten are not yet possible to determine, but if we 
go as high as to 0:05 per cent. of phosphorus, we may, as a first approxi- 
mation, anticipate a quantity of 20 M.T. of this kind of ore. This 
quantity, together with the 40 M.T. in Central Sweden, is thus the only 
raw material suitable for the manufacture of acid process steel. 
It has been considered of such importance that this limited ore quan- 
tity should really be available for the home manufacture, that the Swedish 
Government has in the agreement entered into this year with the 
es Company made provisions against the export of this kind 
of ore. 
B. Ores high in Phosphorus, suitable for the Basie Processes.—The 
bulk of the ore deposits in Norrbotten contains ore of this kind. The per- 
centage of phosphorus varies from 0-05 per cent. to 3 per cent., and even 
more. Also in Central Sweden we have a Jarge deposit of this class of 
ore, viz., Grangesberg, and several smaller deposits, containing, taken 
altogether, about 60 M.T. 
Owing to the limited supply of ore low in phosphorus, the quantity of 
ores of this class which the Swedish iron industry consumes is every year 
increasing ; thus already now about a fourth of all the steel manufactured 
