362 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. 
31. Competitive or emulative spirit. 
32. Sense of ludicrous. 
33. Aisthetic feeling. 
34. Energy (7.e., capacity for doing work without exhaustion) : 
(a) Bodily work ; 
(6) Mental work. 
Report of the Sub-Committee on Photographic Records of 
Anthropological Data. 
Racial characteristics are conveniently recorded by means of photo- 
graphs. In every case the name, sex, age, and nationality (including 
tribe, clan, or group), and also the date and place at which the photo- 
graph was taken, should be recorded, and an identifying mark should be 
placed on every negative. The portraits which are of anthropological 
value are as follows :— 
A, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. 
(a) A few portraits of such persons of each sex as may, in the opinion 
of the observer, best convey the special characteristics of the race as 
regards features and pose of body. These should be taken in the aspect 
which best displays those characteristics, and should be accompanied by a 
note directing attention to the special features shown in the photograph. 
It is desirable that some of these portraits should not be taken either 
strictly full-face or in strict profile. Very interesting series are afforded 
by whole families. Snapshot photography often gives more characteristic 
records of expression and pose than can be obtained by formal sittings 
before a stand-camera. 
(b) Special photographs should be taken to record all characteristic 
deformations of the head, face, teeth, and other parts of the body ; and 
all forms of tattooing and scarification should be recorded by photographs 
taken in the aspect which best displays the peculiarity. Scarifications 
almost always demand special sidelong illumination ; tattooing also some- 
times needs orthochromatic plates. It is occasionally necessary to enhance 
tattoo marks with black paint on the person ; but this should be avoided 
if possible. 
ZB. Porrraits oF HEAD AND FACE ONLY. 
(a) The portraits should show in each case the left side of the face in 
exact profile. At least twelve male adults and twelve female adults 
should be photographed. The hair should be so arranged as fully to show 
the ear, and the males should be beardless if possible. If time only admits 
of a smaller number, or of only one sex, males should be preferred. To 
obtain the best average definition, the image should be focussed on a 
plane midway between that of the ear and the mesial plane of the head. 
For detailed directions as to pose, illumination, &c., see below. 
(>) The same persons who were taken in side-face should be photo- 
graphed also in strictly full-face. The focal plane should be that of the 
front of the cheek. 
(c) The same persons should be photographed also, if possible, so as to 
show the top of the head. This, however, is only of value if the subject 
is bald or shaven, or has very close-cropped hair. 
