412 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. 
In the hollows between the moraines the following succession occurs :— 
Characteristic plants. Accompanying plants. 
1. Scirpus cespitosus. 1. Sphagnum. 
2. Pinus sylvestris (rather small trees 2. Calluna vulgaris. 
with the trunks lying E. and W.). 
3. Hriophorum vaginatun. 
4, Betula alba (wood rather small, but 
the bed attains a thickness of 
5 feet) 
5. Clay and clayey silt with birch bark 
remains, 1 foot. 
6. Close layer of large stones mixed with 
sand and gravel. 
In other places the forest beds rest directly upon morainic material ; 
but when this is the case the basal layers are always mixed with much 
sand and gravel, and the peaty material has apparently been rearranged 
by running water. 
Sections taken some miles down Dyke Burn at an elevation of about 
400 feet showed the following succession :— 
Characteristic plants. Accompanying plants. 
1, Seinpus cespitosus. 1. Sphagnum. 
2. Pinus sylvestris. 2. Calluna vulgaris. 
3. Eriophorum vaginatum. 3. Sphagnum. 
4. Betula alba. 4, Eriophorum vaginatum, Calluna vul- 
garis. 
5. Empetrum nigrum. 5. 
6. Potentilla Comarum. 6. Menyanthes trifoliata. 
7. Carex sp. 7. Menyanthes trifoliata, Viola palustris, 
Equisetum sp. 
8. Sandy peat. 
The basal arctic plants are absent here, but other sections taken on the 
western edge of the basin near the Garbh-allt (flowing into Dyke Burn) 
showed the following strata :— 
Characteristic plants. Accompanying plants. 
2 feet. 1. Scirpus cespitosus. 1. Sphagnum. 
2 feet. 2. Pinus sylvestris. 2. Calluna vulgaris (abundant). 
1} feet. 3. Hriophorwm vaginatum. 3. Calluna vulgaris (very scarce). 
25 feet. 4. Betula alba. 4. Traces of SHriophorum vaginatum, 
Calluna vulgaris, and Polytrichum 
commune. 
2 feet. 5. Salix reticulata. 5. Betula nana, Empetrum nigrum, Are- 
tostaphylos alpina. 
Sand and boulder clay. 
The lower portion of Dyke Burn flows between high banks of peat, 
and an examination of these showed some points of interest. At some 
of the sharp bends in the stream a layer of aquatic plants lay below the 
arctic zone. Such a succession is illustrated in the following section :— 
Characteristic plants. Accompanying plants, 
1. Scirpus cespitosus. 1. 
2. Pinus sylvestris. 2. Calluna vulgaris. 
3. Eriophorum vaginatum, 3. Sphagnum and stunted Calluna aul- 
garis. 
4, Betula alba. 4, Vaccinium Myrtillus. 
5. Potentilla Comarum. 5. Saliv arbuscula, Arctostaphylos alpina, 
Menyanthes trifoliata. 
6. Hquisetum sp. 6. 
7. Potamogeton natans. 7. 
P. Zvi, P, obtusifolius, 
a, 
eI ee ee ee 
