576 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 
invention of which points to varying environments and a multitude of independent 
initiatives, the local flora and fauna furnishing the material for this primitive 
apparatus, A great step in advance was made in the adaptation of animal 
power to purposes of transport, and this ensured the superiority of such countries 
as afforded the opportunity for the recruitment by man of his best auxiliaries, 
This kind of domestication had its origin at many different centres. The horse 
was doubtless brought under man’s control independently in many countries of 
Central Europe and Asia; the camel, in Central Asia ; the ass, in the Sudan, Upper 
Egypt, &c. The vast region of plains or steppes, with bare uniform surface 
which crosses Europe and Asia in a diagonal direction, favoured the development 
of long-distance traffic, as is proved by the numerous improvements in the wheel 
and cart which were there introduced. But this ancient transport had to do 
rather with human beings than with dead freight. To the domestication of the 
horse we may attribute the origin of the great migrations which took place in 
Central Europe from the close of the Neolithic Period onwards, and which were 
destined to cease only with the definite crystallisation of modern States. Even 
the interior traffic of later times originated in the movement of distant products, 
such as jade, silk, and certain metals. 
4, Explorers and Colonists. By J. D. RoGers. 
5, A Narrative of the Jamaica Earthquake. 
By Vaueuan Cornisu, D.Sc., F.R.G.S. 
Dr. and Mrs. Cornish were in a house in Kingston at the time of the great 
earthquake of January 14, and the author described the incidents attending their 
remarkable escape from the wrecked room. 
He next dealt with the occurrences in Kingston during the days of stress 
which followed, showing many original photographs of the effects of the earth- 
quake on buildings, and describing the camp-life in the ruined city and the conduct 
of different classes of the community. 
Early in May, Mrs. Cornish having recovered from injuries received in the 
earthquake, the author and his wife made a second voyage to Jamaica to investi- 
gate the cause and effects of the earthquake, returning on July 17. A description 
was given of the methods of inquiry adopted to.determine the place of origin of 
the earthquake, the character of the shock, the effects upon buildings of different 
kinds, and other matters; and a further collection of photographs taken by the 
author was shown. 
A final account of the conclusions to be drawn from this investigation will be 
communicated at a later date to the Royal Geographical Society, when Dr. Cornish 
has completed the examination of the data he has obtained. 
TUESDAY, AUGUST 6. 
The following Papers and Reports were read :— 
1. An Expedition to Ruwenzori. By R, B. Woosnam.! 
The author began with a short itinerary of the Ruwenzori expedition from 
Mombasa to the West Coast of Africa, illustrated with photographs of Uganda, 
Ruwenzori, the Semliki Valley, the Congo Forest, and the Pygmies. He 
then proceeded to sketch the general features and life-zones of the Ruwenzori 
range, illustrating these by a diagram of the altitudes at which typical forms 
occur, and by photographs of the vegetation. He concluded with a short account of 
the distribution of birds and mammals on the mountain. 
1 The paper will be printed at length in the Geographical Journal. 
