652 -TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
the middle of which is a round depression. ‘This depression contained an aniconic 
representation of a god—what Quintus Curtius calls an ‘ umbilicus "—which was 
preserved in the oasis of Jupiter Ammon, ; 
In conclusion, the Egyptians are a nation formed by an indigenous stock of 
Hamite African origin, among which settled conquerors from Arabia, who were 
also Hamites, coming from the same starting-point as some of the Chaldeans. 
The dawn of Egyptian culture is a distinct proof of the great part played by 
Africa in the history of human civilisation, and supports the idea recently put 
forward that Aigeean culture came from the South. 
9. Recent Explorations in Asia Minor and North Syria. 
By Professor J. GARSTANG. 
The expedition organised by the University of Liverpool visited Boghaz Kein 
and Euyuk, and obtained photographs of the sculptures, &c. Thence by Cxsarea 
to Cilician Gates and North Syria, discovering numerous Greek with some new 
Hittite and one Phrygian inscriptions, A large sculptured eagle standing on 
three lions on the banks of the Halys was also discovered. 
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 7. 
The following Reports and Papers were read :— 
1. Interim Report on Excavations on Roman Sites in Britain. 
See Reports, p. 400. 
2. The Six Races of Mankind: their Mental Capabilities and Political 
and Commercial Tendencies. By T. E. Smurrawalirte. 
The method of determining racial stocks in mixed races is chiefly by the cephalic 
index and facial contour, and these contours are only modifications of geometrical 
figures. The different changes in the types of facial contours are due partly to 
natural alterations and in part to intermarriage. The result of intermixture is 
shown in the shortening or lengthening of the cranial vault. The result of a careful 
comparison of facial contours and cephalic indices of the same persons show the 
merging of long types into the medium and even short-headed indices, and, 
on the contrary, the brachycephali gradually pass through the mesocephali into 
the dolichocephali. Longheaded Types.—The Iberian facial contour is oval, egg- 
shaped, or somewhat lozenge-shaped, the contour of skull oval. The Teutonic 
facial contour is oblong or keystone-shaped, the skull contour oblong. Broad- 
headed Types—The Remian: facial contour conical, pear-shaped or wedge- 
shaped; skull contour somewhat pear-shaped. The Ligurian: facial contour 
pentagonal or five-pointed ; skull contour squarish. The Magian : facial contour 
round or roundish; skull contour roundish. The Celtic: facial contour square or 
squarish; skull contour squarish. We find on close examination that each race 
shows distinct and different mental capabilities. An attempt has been made to 
differentiate the psychological phenomena which characterise the mental capa- 
bilities, political ideals, productive and commercial tendencies of each race. 
3. Haucavations at Caerwent 1906-1907. By T. Asupy, D.Litt, F.S.A. 
The excavations of 1906 were mainly devoted to the investigation of a large 
house (numbered house No. VII. N) in the northern part of the city. This building — 
had been twice reconstructed, and it was often no easy matter to determine to 
