6d4 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
defining terms on the sociological side of anthropology. I will begin with the 
terms for the different divisions of society. 
Tribe.—A group of a simple kind occupying a circumscribed area which has a 
common language, common government, and common action in warfare, &c. 
The words ‘ of a simple kind’ are inserted in order to distinguish the tribe from 
the nation. 
Sept.—The social group for which there is at present the greatest diversity of 
nomenclature is the exogamous section of a tribe, the chief terms in use being 
clan, gens, sept, and totem-kin, The last term is open to the objection that there 
is no difference from the social point of view between a section of a tribe which 
takes its name from a totem, and one which has a designation of some other kind. 
The term clan is perhaps the most widely used, but is rejected by some, and it 
will probably be least disturbing to adopt the term sept, which cannot be said at 
present to have any definitely recognised meaning. 
Phratry.—A. division of a tribe larger than the sept, as in North America, 
including two or more septs (though it may sometimes happen that, owing to the 
disappearance of septs, a phratry may have only one sept). 
Moiety—When there are only two phratries, and they are exogamous, so that 
a member of one division must marry a member of the other, the divisions may be 
called moteties. 
Class.—This term should be limited to the matrimonial classes of the Austra- 
lians, or to any similar groups which may be found elsewhere. 
Caste.—This is not always easy to distinguish from the tribe even in India, 
but it may be defined as a section of a larger community which stands in definite 
relations to other similar sections, which usually has an occupational basis and a 
definite rule of endogamy. 
Family.—This term should be limited to the group consisting of parents and 
children, The term ‘extended family’ may be used for a group of persons 
descended from the same grandfather or grandmother or more distant progenitor 
(i.e., where the descent can be demonstrated genealogically and is not mythical, as 
is often the case with the sept). Occasionally the sept and the extended family 
may correspond to one another. 
Kin and Kinship.—These terms should be limited to the relationship set up 
by ties of blood which can be demonstrated genealogically. 
Sib and Sibship.—The old word stb may be used for the relationship set up by 
membership of the sept. 
Terms connected with Marriage and Descent. 
Those suggested by Mr. Thomas in his ‘Kinship Organisations and Group 
Marriage in Australia’ may be adopted, with possibly the modification that the 
supplementary unions which make it necessary to distinguish between similar and 
dissimilar polyandry and polygyny might be separated from marriage proper, 
those in which a man has supplementary partners being called concubinage, while 
those in which a woman has supplementary partners are called cicisbeism. 
Mother-right —This might be adopted as a convenient term for a state of 
society in which there are two or all of the three conditions, matrilineal descent, 
matrilocal marriage, and matripotestal family. 
5. Racial Types in Connaught. By Professor R. J. ANpERson, ILD. 
It seems probable @ priort that a sea-coast people should exhibit some ethno- 
logical varieties. A stream of immigrants from the East can scarcely be said to 
have ever existed in Connaught. It is true that at various times migrations from 
the north of the island, from Scotland and from England, west and south-west, 
took place; but some centuries ago emigration took place from Spain and Por- 
tugal, chiefly of merchants and their attendants, who settled down in Galway City, 
whilst piratical adventurers landed along the coast. Hence there is evidence of 
an Iberian immigration, of Norwegian local landings, and of an admixture of a 
