112 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. 
The velocity of anticyclones in Europe has not been dealt with since 
1887 when Brounow ! gave results based on ten years’ observation. These 
results give 
- V=7-7+ 0:32 sin (nt + 85°) +0°31 sin (2nt + 146°) 
40°76 sin (3nt + 216°) + 0:56 sin (4nt +178°). 
The number of observations was considerably less than that used by 
Herrmann, but the third component is still greater than the second and 
fourth. The phase is nearly opposite to that for America. 
This implies that in rapidly moving anticyclones the mean temperature 
up to 3 km. is below the normal. The result may be compared with 
Hanzlik’s deduction that a rapidly moving anticyclone remains cold. 
The annual variation for heights up to 15 km. has been calculated 
from the ascents of registering balloons. 
The following table gives the results when the temperature is expressed 
in the form :— 
T=T,+P, sin (nt.+A,)+P, sin (2 nt.+A,)+ — 
the time being measured from January 1. 
Height. To P, Ay Py Ag P; A; 
| te} G ° ° Cc ° ° (@) ° 
Dek? s) Saree 8:3 245 0°55 39 0-49 307 
re Nee M(t 65 235 0-75 50 1°35 321 
3, | 67:6 61 232 0:87 11 1-25 347 
Les, 61°8 64 231 1:28 73 1°55 344 
Dias; 55°6 67 232 1:20 66 1:43 354 
yee 48-7 73 231 151 72 1:66 355 
Kismet 415 75 231 152 68 1:85 358 
8° Sy, |e ae 76 232 1:32 1H (ame ape Se fr 359 
See eee <2 247(-8) 70 231 1:06 35 1:46 361 
10-55 1 223 56 234 1:26 333 0-98 356 
Vitale ie 47 246 16 314 0:85 362 
12 ,, 18°3 46 259 1-4 319 0-2 218 
lacoe 19'1 41 275 21 354 | 1-0 326 
Naess 19-4 4:0 272 18 22 1:0 328 
Pee 19-2 44 272 2-0 356 Vl 317 
The results agree with those deduced above from kite observations in 
showing a decrease in amplitude.and phase of the whole year term in the 
first3km. But at greater heights the amplitude increases, and the phase 
remains constant up to 8-9 km.,after which the amplitude again diminishes 
while the phase increases. Thus, at 13 km., the maximum and minimum 
temperatures, arising from the whole year term, occur at the end of June 
and December respectively, while in the layers 4-9 km. the corresponding 
times are the second weeks in August and February. The third com- 
ponent shows great regularity in phase, and its amplitude increases and 
decreases with the whole year variation until a height of about 12 km. is 
reached, when the amplitude vanishes and the phase changes by nearly 
180°, returning gradually towards the value it has near the surface. 
The second component increases with the height up to 7 km., and after- 
wards diminishes for 2 km. It then increases again, and in the upper 
layers is half as big as the whole year variation. 
The following tables give the mean temperatures for each month at 
different heights and the number of observations from which they are 
calculated. The results are plotted in the diagram Plate II., and Fig. 2. 
' Repertorium fiir Meteorologie, 1887. 
