156 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. 
other writers in the skull of Rhynchosaurus articeps in having a larger 
area. The internal ramus extends in, under the epiotic on both sides, 
and is hence not well exposed. The anterior ramus is about 1.7 cm. 
long and at least 1 cm. wide at its base; it is well shown on the left side 
to underlie the posterior ramus of the postorbital. The inferior ramus 
also expands into a plate of bone proximally ; this is confluent with that 
formed by the anterior ramus; there is hence a very considerable area of 
bone over the postero-lateral corners of the upper surface of the skull. 
The figures of Owen and Smith Woodward’s restored drawing represent 
the skull of Rhynchosaurus articeps as very slender in this region, and 
it is hence possible that the Manchester skull really represents a distinct 
species ; I am, however, very unwilling to found a new species on this one 
specimen. 
The relation of the squamosal to the quadrate and the quadratojugal 
is not now well seen in the specimen, mainly on account of the crumbling 
of the bone in this region. I was able to see during development that 
there was no foramen between the quadrate and the quadratojugal as 
there is in Sphenodon; a specimen in the Elgin Museum shows that 
Hyperodapedon resembles Rhynchosaurus in this respect. Both quad- 
rates are now exposed from the back in the Manchester Rhynchosaurus 
skull, but are badly preserved, the bone being very soft and friable. 
The lower temporal arcade is represented by a misplaced posterior 
ramus of the jugal, which forms a thin strip of bone about 3 cm. high 
and *7 cm. thick. The quadratojugal can be seen as a forward pro- 
jection from the distal end of the quadrate, but it is not well exposed. 
The anterior portion of the palate is badly preserved; the teeth, for 
example, have been destroyed. There are certain differences in this 
region between this specimen and that figured by Huxley and Smith 
Woodward; for example, a length of 30 mm. in the new specimen 
corresponds to 50 mm. in Huxley’s specimen, which measures about 
42 mm. across the transpalatine region, as against 87 mm. in the new 
skull ; thus the snout of the new specimen is blunter than that of Huxley’s 
skull. This difference may be specific or may merely depend on differences 
of sex or age. 
The important new features presented by this specimen concern the 
pterygoids and basis cranii. 
The right pterygoid is almost completely preserved and exposed. 
The anterior ramus cannot be distinguished from the palatine; the 
external ramus forms a nearly vertical plate directed forward and out- 
ward at an angle of about 45° to the basicranial axis. This unites with 
the transpalatine, the two forming the usual downwardly directed 
process. 
The transpalatine forms the posterior edge of the palate and joins the 
maxilla probably near its junction with the jugal. 
The anterior and exterior rami of the pterygoid pass back, forming a 
vertical plate of bone over a centimetre deep, which joins on to the 
pterygoid process of the basisphenoid. How much of this plate is 
pterygoid and how much basisphenoid I cannot say. The plate is 3 mm. 
in antero-posterior length, and very thin. From its posterior and 
ventral margin is given off the posterior ramus, which is a narrow bar 
only 2mm. by 1 mm. in section, passing back to the quadrate, a distance 
of some 20 mm. Its junction with the quadrate is not exposed, and it 
is possible that it is slightly dislocated at this point. 
