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ARCHAOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN CRETE. 287 
Archeological and Ethnological Researches in Crete.—Interim 
Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. D. G. HoGartH 
(Chairman), Professor J. L. Myres (Secretary), Professor 
R. C. Bosanquet, Dr. W. L. H. Duckwortu, Dr. A. J. 
Evans, Professor A. MACALISTER, and Professor W. RIDGE- 
WAY. 
Tue Committee have received the following reports from Mr. C. H. 
Hawes, who was able to return to Crete in the spring of 1909. In view 
of the important results outlined in this report, and of the possibility 
of a longer stay in Crete than Mr. Hawes originally contemplated, the 
Committee ask to be reappointed, with a further grant. 
Report from Mr. C. H. Hawes. 
Owing to the exigencies of printing and publication the present report 
has to be written at the outset of the expedition, and must therefore be an 
interim one. The report presented at the Dublin meeting last year re- 
sumed some of the results of a statistical study of the anthropometric 
survey made in 1905, and mentioned the lines of further research sug- 
gested by that study. 
A piece of good fortune was met with at the opening of this 
season’s work. During October 1908 four skulls, two portions of other 
crania, several pelvic and long bones came to light in the course of 
deepening a well in the alluvial bank of an ancient river ten minutes 
east of Candia. The argillaceous deposit in which they lay had acted 
as a natural plaster of Paris, and we are now in possession of human 
osseous remains of not later than the Middle Minoan III. period in the 
most extraordinary state of preservation. Complete measurements and 
observations have been made upon these, and I hope to publish them 
at an early date with a comparison of those discovered by Dr. Duck-: 
worth in 1903. 
As I write I am about to set out for the small villages dotting the 
mountains which shut in to the south the richest and biggest plain in 
Crete, the Messara. Here and elsewhere in isolated mountain hamlets 
I hope to find the oldest element in the present racial mixture in Crete— 
the * offscourings of the plains.’ 
In attacking the problem of how to discover or uncover the ancient 
stratum among the modern people, I have addressed myself to the task of 
finding out and isolating, if possible, alien elements of historical times. 
Representatives of Turkish and old Venetian families have been ap- 
proached, and genealogical, traditional, and historical information 
garnered, with a view of testing it anthropometrically. For example, 
one. village at which I am to stay this week claims to contain only. 
descendants of Venetians who have strictly refused exogamous marriages. 
A small Armenian colony has existed in Candia since the Turkish occupa- 
tion in 1669, and inasmuch as the Armenoid type of head is met with in 
the east end of the island, whether of historic or pre-historic date, this 
little band of settlers is being measured. Albanian influence has been 
suspected in Crete, and rightly so, since for various reasons the Turkish 
Janissaries in the island included large numbers of these Europeans, and 
considerable mixture resulted. In view also of the Dorian occupation of 
