288 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCH. 
Crete and the belief in certain quarters that Illyria largely furnished the 
Dorian hosts, it seemed important to get at the Albanian type. Records 
of these and other peoples to be met with in the island were in my posses- 
sion, but I was anxious to attempt the method of race analysis by contours 
of the living head. During my short stay at Athens I was able, by the 
aid of Mr. Steele, of the Lake Copais Company, to pay a flying visit to an 
Albanian village in the mountains to the north-east of the lake. There, 
in the village of Martino, reputed to be the purest of five such, I measured 
forty individuals and obtained contours of their heads by means of an 
instrument which I had just completed. 
It is as yet too early to speak of the value of this method of race 
analysis. Its advantage in sharpening and correcting visual impres- 
sions of head shapes is obvious; but I hope to be able to show after 
several months’ test that a new weapon has been forged, with which to 
attack the very difficult problem of race analysis. Contours obtained 
at random from Albanians of the islands of Hydra and Spetza coincided 
exactly with the type from Martino. 
The problem has been attacked from another direction. What modi- 
fication of the cephalic index and the shape of the head has been effected 
by artificial deformation or formation of the head? I am indebted to 
Professor Macalister for calling my attention to the importance of this 
factor. It is acustom which is far more prevalent than is dreamed of, and 
thousands of people in this island, mostly of the male sex, are unaware 
of a custom which is universal except among fhe Mussulmans and the 
better educated minority of the urban population. As to the reason and 
methods of such head shaping, I hope to enter into details in a separate 
paper. ‘The first object was to gauge the effect on the cephalic index and 
the contours. At the outset it is necessary to distinguish between the 
results of intentional formation and involuntary deformation due to the 
lying on hard surfaces. For these purposes I am making comparisons 
between subjects who have or have not undergone head shaping, and 
between those who have or have not suffered from a pillowless infancy. 
Striking examples of the latter are to be found among the small colony 
of Epirote bakers, who, owing to the extreme poverty of their parents at 
home, the circumstances of which I shall enter into more fully elsewhere, 
possess the most extraordinary and incredible head-shapes it has been 
my lot to see. Similar observations are being made upon the Armenian 
settlement here. Observations on these two extreme forms of head will 
prove instructive in comparison with the results of similar, though modi- 
fied, treatment of the Cretan native. Further, whole families of Cretans 
are under observation, and measurements and contours have been taken 
of them, including children who have or have not been bandaged in their 
infancy, from the age of fourteen days up. 
In addition to these researches, which are in progress, I have been able 
to garner from a cave, where are carelessly consigned the bones of many a 
deceased Cretan of to-day after a short burial in the cemetery, some hun- 
dred bones from all parts of the skeleton, saving, unfortunately, the 
cranium; and thus a comparison is possible between skeleton and 
skeleton of ancient and modern times. Two collections of hair, repre- 
senting a series of shades, have been made for me by Orthodox and 
Mussulman barbers in Candia. 
Crete appears to me to be a more than ordinarily instructive and 
significant field of research, and I hope that in the short time at my 
