ARCHAOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESHARCHES IN CRETE. 289 
disposal I may find answers to some of the many questions which open 
up at every turn. 
Further Report from Mr. Hawes. 
This report is made within a week of my return from Crete, and 
claims to be no more than a statement of the work accomplished and 
the material gathered. 
I left England on March 24 of this year, and reached Athens on 
March 31, whence I visited the village of Martino, in the mountains 
to the north-east of Lake Copais, in order to get a series of measure: 
ments and head contours of reputedly pure Albanians for comparative 
purposes by a new process described below. 
I landed in Crete on April 9 and remained on the island until 
July 18. Returning to Athens, a short expedition was made to Leonid- 
hion, in the Peloponnesus, and England reached direct on August 5. 
During the stay in Crete the remarkably preserved skulls and long 
bones belonging to the Middle Minoan period, recently discovered near 
Candia, were carefully and completely measured and compared with 
those previously discovered. For comparison with these, twenty-six 
skulls of nineteenth-century Cretans at the monastery of Arkadhi and 
twenty-eight skulls of eighteenth and nineteenth century Cretans at the 
monastery of Aghia Triadha, in Akrotiri, were measured and contoured. 
Four journeys on horseback, aggregating about seven hundred miles, 
were made for the purpose of measuring and contouring living subjects 
in special areas of the island; while every eparchy was traversed and 
sampled. Particular attention was paid to the highland peoples, and 
especially to those inhabiting the mountains to the south of the Messara 
plain, Sphakia and Lasithi. In the last case the various outlets were 
carefully tapped for comparison with the peoples aboye in the high land 
and those below in the plains. 
Censuses of hair and eye colours were taken at schools throughout 
the island. In Candia and elsewhere the prevailing custom of the head- 
bandaging of infants was studied, and measurements, head contours, 
and photographs were taken of children of nine days old and upwards. 
Colonies of Armenians and Epirots were also included in my investiga- 
tions. Finally a hundred photographs of various types were taken. 
Tn all 1,693 persons were measured and about 1,650 contoured. Of 
these 1,576 were examined in Crete, but this number includes many 
foreigners. If we exclude all with known forbears from outside the 
island, as, e.g., the Adgean and Ionian islands, and add the 200 records 
of Dr. Duckworth (1903) and my own 1,442 previous records (1905), 
we have in all, for the principal measurements, about 2,900 Cretan 
subjects represented. Of the 117 persons measured outside of Crete 
the majority hailed from Martino and Leonidhion, the latter, according 
to philologists, speaking the most Dorian dialect of Greek extant. 
The most striking aspect of my anthropometrical work this year 
in Crete is the application of a new method of race analysis. I had 
only just completed before starting an instrument with which I intended 
to delineate the forms of living heads, and to pose these drawings in a 
scientifically comparable position. Though I have included among the 
head contours the transverse and the horizontal, I have finally relied 
upon the sagittal curve as the most significant. 
The significance of this became apparent when, in experimenting 
1909, U 
