; 
: 
ARCHASOLOGICAL AND -ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN CRETE. 291 
radius to the point on the nose, where the extension of the Frankfort 
base-line crosses it. This method gives greater accuracy and saves 
time. 
The chalk-marked wire is now ready to pose on the paper. The 
paper which is recommended is millimetre-ruled paper of about type- 
writer size, as supplied to schools. With plain paper it would be 
necessary carefully to place the instrument, withdraw the ear-piece, 
slide through the pencils, and mark the vertical and horizontal positions. 
With millimetre paper it is only required to read the scales and mark 
the paper accordingly. It is then a simple matter to pose the wire 
so that the chalk marks coincide with those marked on the paper, and 
to draw the curve, the rubber being found to cling well to the paper. 
The curve or contour thus taken begins in my examples at the inion 
and ends at the point on the nose crossed by the Frankfort base-line. 
A description of this sort is naturally difficult to follow and gives 
a false idea of complication. I have found after some practice that the 
fitting of the rubber-cased wire on the head, the setting of the scales, 
and the posing and drawing, take on an average a minute and a half. 
To obtain the transverse and horizontal contours the latter instru- 
ment is not required, the wire being sufficient. In the case of the 
horizontal contour, the position of the auditory meatus on each side 
should be chalked. 
_ For a long time the need has been felt of something to supplement 
the cephalic index. In small areas or regions of comparative homo- 
geneity, a less clumsy, more refined criterion is required, and I believe 
we have it in the contours of the head. The cephalic index was the 
result of the search after some mathematically comparable representa - 
tion of the head form, but its most loyal adherents have felt the need 
of some more adequate description. A natural revolt was seen in Pro- 
fessor Sergi’s methods and attempts at classification according to the 
pictured or observed head forms. There are, however, two obvious 
and important objections to the application of his methods to the living 
subject. First there is the drawback of the personal equation in descrip- 
‘tions of the shapes of heads, and secondly there is the impossibility 
in many cases—and this is a more serious objection than the layman 
would think—of getting a true visual impression of these shapes, covered 
‘as they are (and too often concealed) by hair. These two objections 
resolve themselves into one, and one which, I hope, the instrument 
I have described removes. It provides us with a means, until now 
wanting, of scientifically obtaining and recording the actual head-form 
‘of the living. 
Archeological and Ethnological Investigations in Sardinia.— 
Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. D. G. HoGarTH 
(Chairman), Professor R. C. Bosanquer (Secretary), Dr. T. 
Asupy, Dr. W. L. H. Duckworts, Professor J. Li. MyREs, 
and Dr. F’. C. SHRUBSALL. 
Dr. Duncan Mackenzin, honorary student of the British School at Rome, 
returned to Sardinia at the end of September 1908, and stayed there till 
the middle of November. He was accompanied for part of the time by 
: - - ; u2 
