CORRESPONDING SOCIBTIES. 329 
repellent title of anthropogeography. This deals with the geographical 
distribution of man and the geographical control (as it is now so frequently 
termed) of man, his actions and works. Although much has been written on 
the effects of climate, geographical and geological conditions, and environ- 
ment generally upon human occupations and settlement, there is yet a large 
field for the energies of local observers. Inquiries such as these are at the 
same ee geographical, ethnological, archeological, historical, and socio- 
logical. 
As an example of more strictly ethnological inquiries, permit me to refer 
you to a paper on ‘ The Ethnography of the Aran Islands, County Galway,’ 
by A. C. Haddon and C. R. Browne (Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. [8] ii., 1893, 
p. 783), and to the subsequent papers by Dr. Browne in later numbers of the 
Proceedings. The subjects investigated were as follows :—I. Physiography, 
including the main geological and geographical conditions, climate, flora, 
and so forth. II. Anthropography, including statistics of hair- and eye- 
colour, physical measurements, vital statistics (population, acreage and 
rental, language and education, health), psychology, names. ITI. Sociology, 
including occupations, family life and customs, food, clothing, dwellings, 
transport. IV. Folk-lore V. Archeology (survivals, Christian antiquities, 
pagan antiquities). VI. History, &c. The methods of investigation, subjects 
studied, and mode of presentation of facts could be considerably improved ; 
but I cannot but feel very strongly that we need investigations of this nature 
from every part of the country. Not only as regards savage and barbaric 
peoples, but also at home, our watchword should be the extensive study 
of limited areas. At the risk of appearing egotistical I may draw your 
attention to my Study of Man (London: John Murray, 1898), wherein 
numerous examples are given of various branches of ethnology which can be 
studied in our own country, and where I have also described some of the 
methods of ethnographical investigation. 
There are signs that the value of studies of this nature is being recognised. 
A short time ago I read a review of a recent book by Jules Sion, Les Paysans 
de la Normandie Orientale, stating that ‘ this work endeavours to describe 
the physical environment as mankind found it in Kastern Normandy, and 
then goes on to trace the influences of that environment on the life of the 
inhabitants, together with the complex reactions of human activities on the 
characters of the district. .... The reader of this work will be tempted to 
hope that some day the local and provincial authorities of Britain may read 
studies of this kind, which would be invaluable helps towards working out an 
evolutionist and non-partisan policy for the healthy economic and social 
development of the districts under their charge.’ 
-How detailed local study can elucidate history is exemplified in a sugges- 
tive paper entitled ‘ The Inclosure of Common Fields considered Geographi- 
cally,’ by Dr. Gilbert Slater (Geogr. Journ. xxix. 1907, p. 35), in which the 
author studies ‘‘‘ the extinction of village communities”? or ‘‘ throwing 
parishes into the melting-pot.’’ These phrases imply that in places where 
common fields, as distinct from commons, are inclosed (1) there was, before 
inclosure, a definite survival from ancient times of the village community ; 
(2) that such inclosure was a village revolution, a crisis in the village history, 
from which the village emerged with its social constitution materially altered. 
- . . . The inclosure of common fields is, it is clear, a feature of our national 
history, which needs to be viewed from the geographical as well as from the 
legal, agricultural, economic, and social points of view to be fully under- 
stood.’ 
Mr. Laurence Glomme’s ‘The Story of London Maps’ (Geogr. Journ. 
xxxi. 1908, pp. 489, 616) indicates what may be done in a sitnilar direction 
for other towns. ; 
It is net possible to give every example of a local history on broad lines, 
but I should like to draw your attention to The Evolution of the Ancient 
