TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. daa 
valuable scientifically than physical geography, but of greater personal use 
to the pupils. 
Hitherto it has only been the rare high school that has included any 
work in the geographical study of any of the countries of the world. Pupils 
have in most cities dropped the study of regional geography at the age of 
thirteen or fourteen years. Nothing akin to the regional work in Britain 
and Germany has been attempted. 
Now educators and geographers have seen the necessity of such work in 
geography, and the demand for a reorganisation of work along these lines 
has come from many sources. The National Education Association and 
the Association of American Geographers have committees at work on the 
subject, and the new movement is well started. The lines along which 
geography in secondary schools will develop cannot be definitely prophesied, 
but it is evident that a change is imminent, and regional geography will 
probably soon be included in many secondary schools. This regional work 
will probably be based on the study of certain selected phases of physical 
geography, and will culminate in a treatment of certain selected regions 
from a commercial point of view. 
(ii) The Teaching of Geography in Secondary Schools. 
By Dr. C. H. Leets. 
The following Paper was then read :— 
‘Some Characteristics of the Canadian Rockies. 
By Arruur O. WHEELER, F'.R.G.S. 
The earliest map of the Canadian Rockies, drawn by David Thompson, 
geographer and astronomer to the North-West Fur Trading Company, in 
1813 and 1814, was shown on the screen, and the remarks concerning the travel 
of early days, with which it is interspersed, were pointed out. Box canyons 
in the Selkirk and main ranges, cut through bed-rock by glacial torrents, 
were then shown. Next followed pictures of the Selkirk forests and V-shaped 
valleys, with snow-clad peaks rising above and ice-falls glistening amid the 
trees. A description was given of the three series of the marble Selkirk caves, 
situated near Glacier, B.C., illustrated by flashlight views taken in their 
interiors. 
The climatic conditions of the Selkirks were touched upon, and the several 
types of glaciers to be found there and in the main range depicted. Samples 
were shown of the true Alpine glacier, the Piedmont glacier, the ice-cap 
glacier, hanging glaciers, and the parasitic glacier of Mount Lefroy. A 
picture, also, was shown of snow-mushrooms. The Spectre of the Brocken 
was described as a phenomenon of the Canadian Rockies as well as of the 
Harz Mountains, and two appearances of it, as seen by the lecturer, outlined. 
A map, with photographic methods of survey, was shown, illustrating the 
observations now being made of the Yoho glacier by the Alpine Club of 
Canada, and the methods described. The magnificently coloured glacier 
lakes were dwelt upon, and a number of pictures of them shown. Ice caves 
at the snouts of the glaciers were illustrated on the screen as seen from without 
and from within. Pictures were shown of the ordinary glacial moraine ; 
also of “* block” or bear-den moraines, and the theory that the latter are due 
to seismic disturbance explained. Next were shown a series of waterfalls, 
The fossiliferous areas of the main range were referred to. Illustrations of 
the rock-capped earth pillars of Hoodoo Valley, known locally as ‘‘ Hoodoos,”’ 
were given; also of some of the numerous hanging-valleys of the region ; and 
of characteristic types of mountain architecture of the limestones of the 
