350 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. 



of the person being measured and the fixed point of the callipers is first 

 applied to the glabella and held there by the fingers of the left hand, 

 while the other point is moved over the mid-line of the back of the head 

 (occiput). Care must be taken to observe that the fixed point has not 

 moved off the glabella during the measurement, and that the points 

 of the callipers have not been deflected from the median vertical plane. 

 The pressure of the points of the callipers on the head should be as 

 much as can be comfortably borne by the person under examination. 



2. Maximuin breadth. — Measured wherever it can be found above 

 the plane of the ear-holes. The callipers should be held in a vertical 

 transverse plane and moved about until the maximum diameter is ascer- 

 tained, the observer being careful to keep the points of the callipers 

 exactly opposite to one another. The pressure of the points on the head 

 should be as much as can be comfortably borne by the person under 

 examination. 



3. Minimum frontal diameter. — From one frontal crest to the other 

 across the narrowest part of the forehead. 



I'ape Measurements. 



4 Maximum circumference. — Measured by passing tlu! tape horizon- 

 tally round the cranium at the level of the glabella in front and the 

 occipital point behind. 



5. Longitudinal arc. — Measured with the tape over the middle line 

 of the vertex of the cranium from the nasion to the inion or external 

 occipital protuberance. 



6. Transverse arc. — Measured over the vertex oE the head, ia a vertical 

 transverse plane, between the two pre-auricnlar points when the eyes 

 are directed to the horizon. 



Radii (Auricular Kadioninter). 



These radii may be considered to pass from the mid-poiut of the 

 biauricular diameter to the various points indicated in the median longi- 

 tudinal arc of the cranium. They are all to be measured by contact (i.e., 

 without pei'ceptible pressure between the contact-point of the instrument 

 and the skin of the head). 



7. Vertical. — This gives tlie auricular height of the cranium. From 

 the mid points of the ear-holes to the highest point of the cranium measured 

 in a vertical plane when the eyes are directed to the horizon. 



8. Frontal. — [a) From the ear-holes to the most prominent point of 

 the glabella ; (b) from the ear-holes to the ophryon. 



9. Maximum frontal. — From the ear-holes to the most prominent 

 point on the frontal curve. 



10. Occipital. — From the ear-holes to the occipital point. 



1 1. Inial. — From the ear-holes to the inion. 



B. Face. 



The face is the part of ths skull which lies below the fore portion of 

 the cranium. It is composed of the jaws and other bonfs which are 

 arranged around the cavities of the orbits, nose, and mouth. 



