ox ANTHROPOMETRIC INVESTIGATION IN THE BRITISH ISLES. 371 



liand, using the two hancis alternately, and the maximum squeeze with 

 each, hand should be recorded. 



To measure power of pull as archer a dynamometer with two handles 

 is used. The subject should grasp the handles and straightening the left 

 arm should pull the right hand with all his force. Repeat three times 

 and record maximum pull. 



SPIROMETER TESTS. 



Spirometers may be obtained from various makers, as, for example, 

 Zimmermann, of Leipzig. 



In making spirometer tests the same rules are to he observed as stated 

 above for muscular power. 



PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS. 



The list of mental characters drav/n up by Mr. McDougall and 

 embodied in the Report submitted at the York meeting of the Associa- 

 tion has been discussed at two meetings of the British Psychological 

 Society, and has been amended and extended by the Sub-Committee in 

 the light of these discussions. The amended list is submitted with this 

 Report. 



The Subcommittee recommend that the list should be printed, and 

 that, before any use of it on a large scale is attempted, it should be 

 issued to a limited number of specially qualified school-teachers, who 

 should be invited to fill in the schedules of characters for groups of pupils 

 with whom they are well acquainted. In this way, it may be hoped, 

 some data may be obtained for the formation of an opinion as to the 

 applicability and reliability of this method of procedure. From this 

 point of view it appears especially important to secure independent 

 returns from two or more teachers in regard to identical groups of pupils, 

 as the degree of correspondence between two or more such independently 

 made Reports referring to the same group of pupils would indicate the 

 degree of objectivity of the Reports. 



The Sub-Committee are of opinion that, though data of some value 

 may possibly be obtained by the issue of the list of mental characters to 

 school-teachers and others, the survey of mental characters cannot be 

 satisfactorily carried out save by the aid of observers specially trained 

 in the methods of mental measurement, who would make a series of 

 measurements of the capacities of each individual according to a scheme 

 which has yet to be drawn up ; they recognise that the estimation of 

 mental characters is very much more difficult than that of physical 

 characters, and that it is necessary to proceed in a tentative and experi- 

 mental spirit. They would especially insist on the difiiculty of fixing any 

 common standard and of obtaining returns which shall have an absolute 

 value and shall be comparable with one another, except in so far as 

 returns can be based on exact measurements made by the methods of 

 pxperimental psychology. 



B B 



