ON ANTHROPOMETRIC INVESTIGATION IN THE BRITISH ISLES. 377 



GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 



It is not intended that the whole of the factors indicated in 

 the above list should be noted in the course of all investigations. A 

 selection should be made of the factors in which the observer is most 

 interested, and this should be adhered to throughout the investigation in 

 question. In many cases good practical methods of estimating the various 

 factors may suggest themselves to the observer though they are not given 

 in the above list. In general it may be observed that it is safer to collect 

 statistics of a few factors with certainty than of a larger number where 

 the authenticity is more doubtful. 



METHODS OF RECORDING PHOTOGRAPHIC DATA. 



Racial characteristics are conveniently recorded by means of photo- 

 graphs. In every case the name, sex, age, and nationality (including 

 tribe, clan, or group), and also the date and place at which the photo- 

 graph was taken, should be recorded, and an identifying mark should be 

 placed on every negative. The portraits which are of anthropological 

 value are as follows :^ 



A. General Chauacteristics. 



(a) A few portraits of such persons of each se.x as may, in the opinion 

 of the observer, best convey the special characteristics of the race as 

 regards features and pose of body. These should be taken in the aspect 

 which best displays those characteristics, and should be accompanied by a 

 note directing attention to the special features shown in the photograph. 

 It is desirable that some of these portraits should not be taken either 

 strictly full-face or in strict profile. Very interesting series are afforded 

 by whole families. Snapshot photography often gives more characteristic 

 records of expression and pose than can be obtained by formal sittings 

 before a stand -camera. 



{b) Special photographs should be taken to record all characteristic 

 deformations of the head, face, teeth, and other parts of the body ; and 

 all forms of tattooing and scarification should be recorded by photographs 

 taken in the aspect which best displays the peculiarity. Scarifications 

 almost always demand special sidelong illumination ; tattooing also some- 

 times needs orthochromatic plates. It is occasionally necessary to enhance 

 tattoo marks with black paint on the person ; but this should be avoided 

 if possible. 



B. Portraits of Head and Face only. 



(a) The portraits should show in each case the left side of the face in 

 exact profile. At least twelve male adults and twelve female adults 

 should be photographed. The hair should be so arranged as fully to show 

 the ear, and the males should be beardless if possible. If time only admits 

 of a smaller number, or of only one sex, males should be preferred. To 

 obtain the best average definition, the image should be focussed on a 

 plane midway between that of the ear and the mesial plane of the head. 

 For detailed directions as to pose, illumination, kc, see below, 



