380 t^EPORTS ON THE STATE Of SCIENCE. 



top-light is btroiig, a white sheet on the ground lightens the shadows, and 

 helps to prevent the subject from looking down. 



Mountivg. — The photographs should be mounted on cards, each card 

 beai'ing the name of the district, and a letter or number to distinguish 

 the individual portraits ; the cards of each series may be secured together 

 by a thread passing loosely through a hole in their upper left-hand 

 corners. 



For convenience of comparison and interchange, attention is called to 

 tlie standard sizes of mounts adopted by the British Association's Com- 

 mittee on Anthropological Photographs. The ordinary ' cabinet-mount ' 

 is used for all sizes up to and including ' half-plate.' 



The risk of fading is minimised by avoiding gum or paste ; each print 

 being secured by its corners to slits cut in the mount, as in a post-card 

 album. But the only complete security is the use of a really ' permanent' 

 process such as Platinotype. 



Detailed Directions as to Pose. 



For purposes of comparison, uniformity of pose is essential in photo- 

 graphs in classes B and C (see above). 



For side-face {B") and ior full face (B'') the head should be posed so 

 that a line drawn from the inferior orbital margin to the tragus of 

 the auricle is horizontal. This is a test which can be directly applied in 

 either pose with the help of sights and a level on the side of the camera ; 

 for the axis of the camera should lie in the same horizontal plane with 

 the line from the inferior margin of the orbit to the tragus. 



Without such provision for uniformity, differences of face projection 

 and prognathism are liable to be obscured or misrepresented. 



The subject should look at some object on a le^■el with his eye and at 

 a moderate distance from it. 



For top vieio of the head {B') the following methods are practicable : — 



1 . Set the camera on a high stand, pointing vertically downward.s, 

 and make the subject sit on the ground below it, with his head posed as 

 for side view. 



2. Set the camera to point horizontally, and make the subject lie on 

 liis back on a table of suitable height, with his head towards the camera. 

 The line from the inferior margin of the orbit to the tragus should now 

 be vertical. 



3. Set the camera to point horizontally ; set a chair with its back to 

 the camera ; make the subject sit straddlewise on the chair, facing the 

 camera ; let him fold his arms on the back of the chair, and bend forward, 

 resting his head on his arms, and looking downwards, till the head is 

 in the right pose ; when a plumb-rule will test the line from the inferior 

 margin of the orbit to the tragus, 



Suggestions for Rapidity and Uniformity. 



By attending to the following hints, successive sitters may be made 

 to occupy so nearly the same position that the camei-a need hardly be 

 refocussed : — 



1. Much time will be saved if all the side-faces are taken first, and 

 then all the full-faces ; the latter should occupy a different chair, in which 

 case the position of the camera would require to be changed after com- 



