412 llEPORTS OH THE STATE OF SCIEKCE. 



lenorth 22^ inches ; maximum circumference of beam 140 mm. The hrcJw-tinc does 

 not appear to have been utilised in this specimen, but is broken off short. The bez- 

 tine is straight and at an angle of about 40° with the beam of the antler. The 

 smooth rounded point bears evidence of considerable use. The stump of the 

 trez-tine is rounded and very smooth. The end of the handle and the grip are 

 much polished in places. 



91. Pick formed Irom a large shed antler of red-deer. The bez- and trez- 

 tines have been broken off. The brow-tine, which is set at a very obtuse angle 

 with the beam of the antler, is much worn down from prolonged use. Circum- 

 ference of antler just above the burr 200 mm. 



94. Greater part of a pick of red-deer antler ; of average size ; much damaged ; 

 the brow-tine bears evidence of use. 



95. Pick formed from an average-sized antler of a slain red-deer. The brow- 

 aud bez-tines are poorly developed, and both were probably used together as a 

 double pick. The rounded point of the bez-tine is in good condition. 



88. A few fragmentary pieces of red-deer antler ; approximate depth from the 

 surface 12"5 feet. 



92. The burr, base, brow- and bez-tines of a small stag's antler, shed. The 

 point of the bez-tine somewhat smoothed. Depth, o'Z feet in the mixed silting. 



An antler pick, much damaged, was found in the excavations at Stonehenge at 

 a depth of 57 feet. It is to be seen in Devizes Museum.^ General Pitt-Rivers 

 found an antler pick of the Romano-Eritish period at Woodyates (.^ Vindogladia) ; 

 the handle end, as well as the brow-tine, was cut and rubbed.'^ A good 

 specimen of an antler pick was exhibited by the Rev. Bryan King, vicar of 

 Avebury, in 1880, on the occasion of the visit of the British Archffiological Asso- 

 ciation to that place.^ But the Neolithic flint mines of Grime's Graves and 

 Cissbury have produced more specimens of these antler picks than any other places 

 ia Britain. At the Grime's Graves, excavated by Canon Greenwell, the picks 

 were all found in the galleries or in the filling of the shaft, below 17 feet from 

 the surface ; the total number discovered was seventy-nine. Examples from the 

 Grime's Graves,'' Cissbury,^ and from the flint mines at Spiennes, near Mons, 

 lielgium,^ are exhibited in the British Museum. 



(g) Animal liemains. — Animal remains, mostly fragmentary, were found 

 plentifully in Cutting I., and the maximum depth at which they were traceable 

 (apart from the antler picks and the shoulder-blade before mentioned) was about 

 9-5 feet. In the surface deposits animal bone was quite plentiful, and the remains 

 were found to be mostly those of young animals, the epiphyses being wanting. 

 There Las not been time to go into details with reference to these remains, but it 

 is possible to record that the following larger animals are represented: — Horse, 

 ox, pig, red-deer, roe-deer, sheep, dog, and (?) fox and wolf. The remains of 

 oxen appear to have been most plentiful ; the relative size of these bones varied 

 considerably ; a tibia found at a depth of 5-5 feet gives a height for the animal of 

 3 feet 2 inches, whereas a complete metatarsus (depth 6'5 feet) give a height of 

 only .3 feet | inch ; from a metacarpus (depth 6-8 feet) a height of 3 feet 5^ inches 

 was estimated. The ox was clearly traceable down to a depth of 9 feet, and 

 remains apparently belonging to one animal were found at a depth of 8'8 feet ; 

 astragali and digits were quite plentiful. The horse remains, including many 

 teeth, extended to a depth of at least 7 feet, and for the most part belonged to 

 small animals. The red-deer was represented, in addition to the antlers, by an 

 OS calcis, astragalus, teeth, and small parts of lower jaws ; the largest of the latter, 



' Figured in Archwolnf/ia, Iviii. 71. 



* Figured in Excavations in Cranbornc Chase, iii. 135. 



^ The Rev. A. C. Smith, in his large work, informs us that ' fragments of antler 

 picks, the instruments with which the graves had been dug, have been found 

 repeatedly in opening the barrows of North Wilts.' 



■* Journ. Ethnol. Soc. 1870, n.s., ii. 426 ; and ArcJoaologia, xlv. 342. 



" Archavlogia, xlv. 344; Guide, Sttme Age, British Miisenm, 1902, 81. 

 Guide, Stone Age, British Aluseiim, 85. 



e 



