808 TRANSACTIONS OF SUB-SECTION F. 



possible to get a living off a small area of poor land, (i) by working it in 

 connectiou with some industrial occupation ; (ii) by having a supply of good 

 local markets in the large industrial towns. Also the fact of not being entirely 

 dependent on the land makes it more difficult to induce the small holder to adopt 

 newer methods of cultivation, &c. 



lu Ireland, on the other hand, the land must practically be made sufficient for 

 all. This can only be done by insisting on improved methods of intensive 

 cultivation, co-operation, &c. 



In England legislation such as the Small Holdings Act of 1907 is practically 

 designed to assist people to get ou to the land at their own expense. The process 

 will afterwards be a form of natural evolution, 



la Ireland, the process must be more in the nature of a revolution in agricul. 

 tural methods; the people are already on the land: legislation must be directed 

 towards helping them to work it to the best advantage. 



Consider establisliment of holdings more in detail. 



The fundamental conditions necessary for success in England are one or other 

 of the following: — 



Good land, favourable climate, good markets, common rights, opportunities fjr 

 labour as an adjunct. 



The importance of the size of holdings under various conditions. 



The sizes found necessary in different parts of England : — 

 In the Isle of Axholme : — 



Two acre.s for a labourer in regular work ; 

 rive to ten acres for a man doing job work ; 

 Ten to twenty acres for an entire living. 

 In the market gardening districts of Bedfordshire: — 

 Half acre for a man in regular work ; 

 Six to ten acres for a living. 

 In cheese-making districts on grass land — twenty to thirty acres. 



Summary of argument: That the successful establisliment of small holdings 

 depends very largely on the regard paid to local details. But this cannot be done 

 on far-seeing or economic lines until you have got these details located in the 

 exact position they hold in the economy of the nation at large. 



The Small Holdinc/s Prohlem. By Christopher Turner. 



3. The Management of Small Holdings. By F. Impev. 



4. Letters from Small Holders. By W. Beach Thomas. 



5. 7 he Economic Im2wrtance of judicious Tree Planting for Shelter 

 by Farmers. By J. Scott Kerr. 



0, A Method of Registering the Colours of Animals, 

 By Major Barrett Hamilton. 



TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8. 

 Joint Meeting with Section F. — See p. 794, 



