TOPOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL TERMS IN SOUTH AFRICA. 161 



Bull— 



A low ridge with gentle and gradual rise and even outline. 



Dam — 



Reservoir or pond. 



Dans — 



A broad shallow valley, e.g., Leeuwen Dans. 



Donga — 



A small ravine or wash-out caused by floods in soft ground. 

 A gully or dry watercourse with steep sides, synonymous with the Eastern 

 terms xcaddy and nullah. 



Draai — 



A bend or turn (of a river or range). 



Drijt— 



A ford or crossing of a river. 



Duin, plural Duinen — 



A sand dune. 



Dwala — 



A native term used in Rhodesia for a bare rounded knoll or ridge of reck. 



Eiland — 



Island, e.g., Paarden Eiland. 



Fontein — 



A spring. Much used in place-names, e.g., Bloem fontein, Wonderfontein, &c. 



Gal— 



A hole, e.g., Wonder-gat, a term applied to a sink-hole in limestone formation. 

 Cyfergat, a spot from which water trickles ; a ' soak.' 



Gouph (pronounced ' Cope ') — 



A Bushman word, meaning ' as dry as can be,' applied to a portion of the 

 Western Karroo. 



Heuvel — 



A height or elevation, generally of small magnitude, e.g., Klipheuvel. 



Hoelc — 



(i) The area enclosed by a bend in a river. 



(ii) The upper end of a valley shut in by mountains. 



Holte— 



A hollow or depression. 



Hoogte — 



A height or elevation, generally of greater magnitude than a.' heuvel.' 



Karroo — ■ 



A Bushman word Kurd, or Guru, meaning ' dry as a bone,' applied to country 

 like the central portion of Cape Colony (geologically or botanically). 



