170 REPORTS ON THE STATE OP SCIENCE. 



one species have been examined, the results of the tabulations and 

 the particulars supplied by the correspondents will be arranged and 

 published. 



A grant of 51. was made to the Committee by the Association in 

 1909, and in addition there was a balance from the grant of 50L from 

 the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, carried forward from last year. 

 The money has all been spent. The Committee ask for reappoint- 

 ment, with a further grant, and with the addition of Professors S. J. 

 Hickson, F. W. Gamble, G. H. Carpenter, and Arthur Thomson. 



The Amount and Distribution of Income (other than Wages) below the 

 Income-tax Exemption Limit in the United Kingdom. — Report of 

 the Committee, consisting of Professors E. Cannan (Chairman), 

 A. L. Bowley (Secretary), F. Y. Edgeworth, and H. B. Lees 

 Smith, and Dr. W. K. Scott. 1 



Introduction. 



The Committee, which was appointed at the Dublin meeting, have pro- 

 ceeded with their investigations and collected information during two 

 years ; and though a complete account of the amount of income with 

 which it deals cannot be given, it is now possible to survey the ground 

 and to make an estimate which it is believed is better founded than any 

 previously made, and which is nearly as accurate as is possible in the 

 existing state of official statistics. 



It is customary to divide the aggregate of incomes of the inhabi- 

 tants of the United Kingdom into three groups : first, those incomes 

 which are subject to income-tax — i.e., which are over 1601. per annum 

 according to the definitions of the Income-tax Commissioners ; secondly, 

 those incomes which are received as wages and come under the cognisance 

 of the Labour Department and are included in Estimates of Earnings of 

 Manual Workers ; and thirdly, an Intermediate Group, which is included 

 in neither of the former. It is the aggregate of the income in this third 

 group that the Committee have to estimate. 



The procedure of the Committee has been to collect all the statistics 

 relating to members of this group which are published officially or semi- 

 officially, to apply to public bodies for data as to the salaries paid to 

 their employes, and to apply to societies representing professionaf and 

 other classes for any statistical information they had as to the numbers 

 in such groups and their incomes. For other classes the Committee 

 made direct applications for information in all quarters where it seemed 

 probable that a response would be received. In this matter they were 

 greatly helped by the Manchester Statistical Society, who conducted a 

 careful and useful investigation in the neighbourhood of Manchester. 

 The Circular of Inquiry which follows was used extensively for the 

 collection of fresh data : — 



Sir, — It is of great importance for many practical and scientific purposes to 

 know the total of the National Income and the relative number of persons in 



1 Mr. W. G. S. Adams has resigned his membership of the Committee 



