in 



REPORTS ON THE STATE OP SCIENCE. 



CONFIDENTIAL. 



Use this page for shop asiistants only. Exclude clerks, artisans, and 

 labourers. 



A. Number who draw more than 160?. per annum. 



Men Women 



B. Number who draw 160?. or less. 



Men and lads Women and girls 



As regards B. 



Total amount paid to these assistants per annum £ 



Number whose annual salaries fall within the following limits :- 



It is evident that there is no clear line of division between the 

 wage-earning group which is dealt with by the Labour Department 

 and the intermediate group. Salaries, especially those of lads and 

 of young men, are very frequently less than wages, so that it is not 

 a question of amount of annual income. Again, there is no simple 

 distinction between clerical and manual work, for many occupations 

 involve both. Further, such important classes as shop assistants and 

 small shopkeepers might equally well be included in either class. But 

 it is not a definition in accordance with the nature of the occupation 

 that we must aim at, but rather a question of fact as to whether certain 

 classes do or do not come under the cognisance of the Labour Depart- 

 ment and are or are not included in the estimates of aggregate wages 

 based on their statistics. The Labour Department, however, does not 

 issue an official estimate of aggregate wages, and in the end it will 

 be necessary for each statistician to decide to what classes of persons 

 the data published by the Labour Department relate, to estimate the 

 aggregate wages of such groups, and to place the remaining groups 

 either in the intermediate or in the income-tax paying classes. From 

 this point of view it is not essential to elaborate the grounds of the 

 delimitation actually adopted, for all occupied persons must be, in fact, 

 included in one or other of the classes, and it does not matter whether 

 they are included as wage earners or as salaried, since the income 

 allotted would be much the same in each group. 



"When we have separated out wage-earners, so far as the Popu- 

 lation Census allows, from other occupied persons, we obtain the 

 numbers shown in the following table : — 



