174 REPORTS Oft TitE STATE OE SCIENCE. 



The table just given classifies the persons returned as occupied in 

 the census of 1901 in thirty-one classes. The classes contain in every 

 case one or more of the census sub-headings. These sub-headings are 

 grouped in an apparently arbitrary manner in accordance with the kind 

 of information as to incomes which is available. The classification for 

 England and Wales in the census is the same as that for Scotland, but 

 that for Ireland differs in some important respects, and some approxi- 

 mation has been necessary to obtain correspondence. The list will only 

 be completely intelligible when put alongside the census tables of occu- 

 pation. Since this classification is extremely important, in order that 

 our results may be understood, and be capable of improvement as 

 further information accumulates or as the census classification becomes 

 more useful, we give the actual sub-headings contained in our thirty- 

 one classes. Those who are not so included are lumped together as 

 manual workers. 



The first eleven classes are included under the census headings — 

 Government, Defence, Professional. 



Class 



1 Civil Service, officers and clerks. 



2 Municipal, parish, and other local or county officers. 



3 Army officers (effective and retired). 



4 Naval officers (effective and retired). 



5 Clergy and ministers of all denominations. 

 5a Missionaries, preachers, monks, &c. 



6 Barristers and solicitors. 



7 Law clerks. 



8 Those professions for which definite preparation is required — i.e., doctors, 



dentists, veterinary surgeons, engineers, surveyors, and architects. 

 Nurses are not included. 



9 Teachers. 



10 A composite group of authors, editors, journalists, reporters, shorthand 



writers, persons engaged in scientific pursuits, and artists, as to whom 

 we have no special information. 



11 A similar group, where there is a larger proportion of semi-manual workers 



included — photographers, musicians, and actors. 



The following eight groups are included under commercial occupa- 

 tions in the census : — 



Class 



12 Merchants. 



13 Brokers, stockbrokers, agents, factors, accountants, auctioneers, house 



agents. A miscellaneous group concerning whom we have no special 

 information. 



14 Commercial travellers and a few salesmen and buyers not otherwise 



described. 



15 A small group described as officers of companies, societies, &c. 



16 Clerks. Under this heading are included according to the Instructions to 



the Census Clerks employed in classifying occupations (of which We have 

 a copy) the following headings : — 



Accountant (bookkeeper), accountant clerk, accountant's clerk, booker, book- 

 keeper, cashier, managing clerk, secretary (not private) other than bank, 

 insurance, and others specifically included in other classes. Collector of 

 accounts, debts, rents, or rates, &c, water clerk, auto-type worker, 

 merchant's correspondent, phonograph writer, typist, copyist, shorthand 

 clerk, and some others. 



We learn that it was intended to include all clerks, whether in commerce 

 or manufacturing industry, under this heading. 



