ON THE AMOUNT AND DISTRIBUTION OP INCOME. 183 



very nearly the same as in the more comprehensive official statistics, 

 and if we assume, as we are justified in doing, that supplementary, 

 provisional, and pupil teachers receive less than 160/., the proportion 

 of those earning over 160/. is nearly the same in both sets of statistics 

 both for men and for women. We are therefore justified in using the 

 average of the figures we have found for those earning less than 160/. 

 Our conclusion is that of the teachers in the public elementary schools 

 of England and Wales 7,0(J0 men and 2,000 women receive more than 

 160/., while 30,000 men and 123,000 women receive less than 160/., 

 the averages for these being 100/. and 76/. 



As regards Scotland, we have detailed information only for Glasgow, 

 Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Inverness, Ayr, and Dundee. We have also some 

 official statistics as to salaries and details as to numbers which throw 

 light on the question, and can be used in conjunction with the statistics 

 for these boroughs ; but we have to discount them to some extent for the 

 probably lower salaries in the country districts and smaller places. The 

 salaries in Scotland, especially for men, appear to be considerably higher 

 than in England. It appears that there are about 1,500 men in the 

 elementary schools earning over 160/., and 4,500 others, the latter 

 averaging about 120/. Very few of the women receive more than 160/., 

 while about 14,000 average 70/. 



For Ireland we have detailed information in the official report (Cd. 

 3699) relating to 1906, from which it appears that only a negligible 

 number of men and women receive over 160/. in the national schools, 

 while 6,000 men and 7,000 women receive less, the average of men and 

 women together being nearly 100/. For compilation we take it that the 

 men average 120/. and the women 80/. 



Putting these figures together for the United Kingdom, we find that 

 in the elementary schools about 9,000 men and 2,000 women receive 

 over 160/., and 41,000 men and 144,000 women less, the averages being 

 105/. and 75/. We enter these in our table as a separate class. 



There remain 30,000 men and 76,000 women teachers in schools other 

 than elementary, whom we put in Class 9a. We have a little information 

 about these, but it is not sufficient to give an exact result. We find, as 

 we might expect, that the proportion both of men and of women in 

 secondary and higher education earning over 160/. will be considerably 

 greater than in primary education, except that allowance should be made 

 for a large number of governesses receiving small stipends. In elementary 

 education one man in five recsives over 160/. We are of opinion that 

 in higher education one man in two or one in three passes this limit, and 

 that the remaining 15,000 to 20,000 average 120/. As regards the women 

 we estimate from such returns as to graduate teachers, &c, as exist, 

 that four per cent, in higher education, as against one and a half per 

 cent, in elementary, receive over 160Z., but that of the remaining 75,000 

 very many receive quite small salaries, averaging less than in the 

 elementary schools, and we will take the average at 60/. 



As to Classes 10 and 11 we have no information, and even the defi- 

 nitions are doubtful. Class 10 contains those engaged in literary and 

 scientific pursuits and artists, and may be estimated to include about 

 30,000 persons in 1909. Class 11 contains photographers, musicians, 

 and actors, and may be estimated to include 46,000 males and 41,000 



