254 



KEPOBTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. 



to the situation, for we shall find, on comparing the average, cephalic 

 index of the Venetian-named and that of the eparchy in which they are 

 located, that in several cases there is close agreement, and most im- 

 portant of all in the grand totals. Where there are variations, they 

 seem to be due to small numbers ; and the lowering of the inde'x is more- 

 pronounced than the heightening. The following are examples : — 



The most important evidence is obtained in the comparison of the 

 totals. The average cephalic index of the 150 Venetian-named in- 

 dividuals, measured throughout Crete by me, is 79'0, which is the 

 exact figure mentioned in my previous paper for the whole of Crete 

 (2,290 individuals). 



"What is the conclusion to which we are drawn ? That the Venetian 

 strain has remained strong and powerful after nine generations without 

 replenishment from the mother country? Scattered through the land, 

 its consciousness of nationality lost, has it not bred out ? Where is the 

 Venetian brachycephal or hyper-brachycepal in the most populous of 

 Venetian districts in Crete? What is the dictum of the other 

 eparchies, and what of the whole? They are unaffected by the 

 Venetian element. Where people are dolichocephalic, the Venetian- 

 named among them are dolichocephalic, and where they are mesati- 

 cephalic, there the latter are mesaticephalic also. 



I need not labour this point. The Venetians are not the determining 

 element, but the determined. Therefore it is that in my report, taking a 

 large view of Cretan ethnology, I treated the Venetian element as 

 negligible. 



But what, then, is the cause of the broadening of the head in Sitia? 

 Must we leave it unexplained? I think not. Crete is linked up by the 

 stepping-stones of Karpathos and Ehodes to Asia Minor. Sponge- 

 divers from the Asia Minor coast are found off Sitia to-day. Dr. Duck- 

 worth mentions the Turks marauding and settling, even during the 

 Venetian occupation, in 1417 and 1471, and no doubt it would be 

 possible to extend these connections back to Minoan times, when, as 

 Mr. Hogarth found, the little town of Zakro imported from Asia Minor. 

 The connection is natural and historical, and, for the matter of that, 

 pre-historical. 



Has anthropometry anything to confirm this? Let us see. 



I have called attention in my previous paper to the fact that the 

 Sitians in the extreme east of Crete, and the Selinots in the extreme 

 west, have the same cephalic index — namely, 80*9, but that there is this 

 difference : that the Selinot is broad-headed and the Sitian is short- 

 headed. 



