ON soLtBiLfr\ f . 420 



solutions of so-called insoluble salts from measurements of E.M.F. ; 

 and, assuming the salts to be completely ionised, he calculated their 

 solubility. 



II. B. — Solubility of Liquids. 

 Draper 67 determined the solubility of ether in solutions of hydrogen 

 1877 cnloride b y adding a given quantity of ether to a known volume 

 of solvent in a graduated, stoppered tube. After shaking briskly 

 at intervals for an hour at the required temperature in a bath, the two 

 layers were allowed to separate and the volume of ether remaining un- 

 dissolved was read off. 



1878. This metnocl was also employed by Scliuncke 74 f but the 



precaution was taken not to allow the excess of solute to be 

 more than 0'3 cc. 

 -.og, Konowaloiv* 7 placed the two liquids in a tube and shook 



together in a bath at constant temperature ; the resulting layers 

 were analysed. Volatile liquids were sealed up in bulbs with tubes so 

 that after saturation, the points of the tubes being broken, the two 

 layers were collected separately as they flowed out. 

 1882 Alexejeff 9S weighed quantities of the two liquids into a tube 



which was then sealed up and heated until a homogeneous mix- 

 ture was obtained. The tube and contents were then slowly cooled and 

 the temperature indicated when turbidity first occurred was regarded as 

 the temperature at which the liquids were mutually soluble. 

 1934 Guthrie 105 sealed up Weighed quantities of tri-ethylamine 



and water in a graduated tube and estimated their mutual 

 solubility by measuring the volumes of the two layers at different 

 temperatures; also the temperature at which a homogeneous mixture 

 resulted. 

 iciq n For the method employed by Doycr 1 ™, vide this Section C, 



1890. 

 1895 Bancroft 229 investigated the miscibillty of ternary mixtures 



by placing a certain quantity of one liquid in a test-tube and 

 adding small quantities of the other two liquids from burettes until the 

 mixture was homogeneous at a definite temperature. 



II. C— Solubility of Gases. 



Bunsen's l9 specially constructed absorptometer admitted of a 

 ,g ft _ measure being made of the volume of gas dissolved by shaking 

 together known volumes of gas and solvent over mercury in a 

 eudiometer tube surrounded by water ; the temperature of the water was 

 read at the end of the experiment. The absorption coefficient of 

 oxygen was found by passing a stream of air, free from ammonia and 

 carbon dioxide, through water, analysing the gas expelled from the 

 saturated solution, and from these data and the absorption coefficient 

 of nitrogen, that of oxygen was calculated. 



Carius 20 passed the dry gas through the solvent contained in a flask, 

 through the cork of wliich passed a thermometer and two tubes dipping 

 into the liquid, also a short tube to allow unabsorbed gas to escape. 

 1910. F w 



