ON SOLUBILITY. 



4G3 



marked increase, a maximum was reached, and then the solubility 

 decreased. These results are regarded as being out of harmony with 

 Nernst's views of the mechanism of solution, and certainly with the 

 view that no attraction exists between solvent and solute. 

 1 oqk The interesting observation of Pictet 230 , that the presence 



of a volatile solvent renders a non-volatile substance completely 

 volatile, also appears to favour this view of the part played by the 

 solvent. 



In consequence of Arrhenius' criticism of the previous work, and the 

 conclusions drawn from applying the law of mass action to the study of 

 saturated solutions, Noyes and Abbot 22S proceeded to verify the prin- 

 ciple of solubility influence. They employed sparingly soluble salts — 

 the chloride, bromate, and thiocyannte of thallium — and were able to 

 advance proof of the following : — 



(i) The quantity of a dissolved undissociated salt with which a 

 solution is saturated remains constant when a second salt is added. 



(ii) The product of the quantities of the two ' ions ' remains the 

 same. 



The study of the influence of salts in solution on the solubility of a 

 gaseous non-electrolyte, carried out by Jahn 2l ° and his pupils, enabled 

 this author to formulate the following law correlating solubility of a gas 



and the concentration of the salt solution, 



a 



a 



M 2 /a 



= h: in which 



a' is the absorption coefficient in salt solution, a the absorption co- 

 efficient in water, and M the number of molecules of salt in unit 

 volume of solution. 



In Van hoar's 2I2 thermodynamical investigation of the formula 

 representing solubility changes, he considered the effect produced by the 

 molecules of the solvent existing as associated aggregates. 



VIII. Chronological Bibliography. 



Author 



Reference 



Gassendi 

 Dalton . 

 Henry . 

 Dalton . 

 Gay-Lussac 

 Gay-Lussac 

 Gay-Lussac 

 Gay-Lussac 

 Pagenstechen 

 Kopp 

 Karsten . 

 Poggiale 

 Gay-Lussae 

 Marchand 

 Liebig . 

 Favre and 

 Silberinann 



' Chaptal, Elements de Chimie,' i. 40 



' Gilb. Ann.,' 12, 385 



: Phil. Trans.,' 45 . . . 



: Mem. Manch. Phi). Soc.,' 1 . 

 Ann. Ohim. Phys.,' (2), 11, 290 

 Ann. Chim. Phys.,' (2), 49, 393 

 Ann. Chim. Phys.,' (2), 70, 423 

 Compt. rend.,' 8, 1000 . 

 Buchner's Pveport.,' 22, 31S 

 Ann. Chcm. Pharm.,' 34, 200 

 Abh. Berl. Akad.,' p. 95 

 Ann. Chim. Phys.,' (3), 8, 403 

 Ann. Chim. Phys.,' (3). 13, 507 

 J. prakt. Chem.,' 37, 321 . 

 Ann. Chem. Pharm.,' 79, 112 

 J. Chem. Soc.,' 6, 241 . 



Section 



