616 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 



2d. The source of the sediments is in a large measure correlated with that of 

 the Bunter, which was formed by ;i river coming from north-west Scotland. 



21. There is a correspondence between the characteristics of the mieropetro 

 graphy of the Bunter, Keuper, and modern delta formations. The Leicestershire 

 Trias shows signs of chemical action, the Nile delta of mechanical. The che.mical 

 composition of volcanic and metamorphic rocks locally argues a local as well as a 

 distant source for the heavier minerals of the Keuper. 



22. The evidence of the flora and fauna shows that there were provinces, and 

 these were so arranged as to allow for the prevalence of delta conditions. The 

 climate was moist and equable. 



Finally, we conclude that there is nothing to prove that desert conditions did 

 anything more than locally act upon the rocks mechanically, and to some extent 

 chemically. They had no part whatever in tin work oj deposition; that i.s to 

 say, they disintegrated the previous rocks (pre-Triassic). There is positive, rlirec t. 

 and accumulative evidence to prove that the Trias as a whole (and not the 

 Bunter only) was the work of rivers which have continued to bring sediment in 

 one form or another from the north-west of Britain or the north more or less 

 continuously, under one condition or another, from the close of the marine phase 

 of Lower Carboniferous (Mountain Limestone) times. 



9. On a Buried Tertiary Valley though the Mercian Chalk Range and its 

 later ' Rubble Drift: By Rev. A. Irving, D.Sc, B.A. 



The author referred to his paper read at the Cambridge Meeting (1904). to 

 the previous papers therein referred to, and to the report of an excursion in 

 1905. ' New evidence was brought forward showing the actual trend of the 

 buried tertiary valley through the Chalk Range; also evidence bearing upon the 

 later glaciation, and the post glacial physiography of the upper Stort Valley, 

 especially dealing with the 'rubble drill,.' which frequently mantles the upper 

 slopes of the valley and admits of a true correlation with the series described by 

 Prestwich. 2 This includes (1) sections furnished by some 300 graves in Hockerill 

 churchyard; (2) interglacial sands with boulders covered by a later boulder clay; 

 {?■>) remains of Elephas primigenius found in the rubble drift; (4) remains of 

 horse (on both sides of the valley), of red deer (at Stort ford and Sawbridge- 

 worth), of Bos (in considerable quantity at both those places); (5) teeth of horse 

 and Bos; (6) a perforated fragment of antler of red deer; (7) a core of horn of 

 aurochs attached to skull fragment; (8) oysters, grypheas. and belemnites from 

 the boulder clay. With these occur human artefacts — Palaeolithic and Neolithic 

 Hint implements and 'cores,' fragments of baking-tiles, fragments of pottery 

 (Neolithic.: and Bronze periods), primitive bricks (moulded with human hands), 

 an ingot of crude bronze, fragments of charcoal, and a variety of boulders. 



Especial attention was directed to the irail: of high-level springs fed by the 

 more sandy and gravelly portions of the glacial drift of the hill-cap. Since the 

 i elicit of the ice the nicest powerful of these springs has been cutting back into 

 (he London Clay, and the consequent lateral landslides formerly ponded back 

 the water, producing a bog, recently laid open in the excavation of a pond, and 

 found t<> contain a Holocene molluscan fauna. In that bog the horse-skeleton 3 

 was tciiiiiil. coated with a black carbonised deposit, buried beneath the clay of 

 the later landslides of the hill, along with the vegetable contents of the paunch 

 reduced to the state of peat. The London Clay behind this mantle of 'rubble 

 drift' and the glacial cap of the hill ' have been proved by four borings made 

 into the cap and shoulder of the hill. The assemblage of geological features here 

 bears comparison with those at Schussenried described by Oscar Fraas/' and the 

 bones (in one place mixed with fragments of tiles suggesting a prehistoric 

 'refuse-heap') are in much the same stage of decay as those described by 

 Naumann from the pile-dwelling site of Starnberger See. 6 An interesting litho- 

 1 observation of glaucomie formed in grains on flints is recorded. 



1 P. G. A., vol. xix. J Q. J. 0. &'.. vol. xlviii.. May 1892. 



3 See III. Lon. News, June 5, 1909. 4 Mem. Grot. Survey, vol. iv.. p. 449. 

 5 Arch. f. Anthrop., 2nd Bd., 1867. R Ibid., 8th Bd., 1S75. 



