90 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



and complexion darker ; and in culture, one class is behind the 

 other. 



There are difficulties in the application of so simple a theory, 

 and the object of this paper is to ask where the line is to be drawn. 



That there have been vast changes in existing climates and in 

 the present distribution of land and water is unquestioned ; with 

 corresponding effects, if not on the dispersal and variation of 

 humanity, at least on all then existing organic life. 



But we know that man has existed on the earth for a long period 

 of time, and has moved from one place to another, as he does in 

 the present and will do in the future, from the same motives. 

 Whenever the Glacial Epoch occurred, as ice disappeared from 

 Western Europe, man was there. And this is a significant fact, 

 when connected with the other fact, that many northern forms of 

 animals and plants are found in the further south, while no southern 

 forms have invaded the north ; which opens space for momentous 

 speculations as to the original location of man. If his northern 

 origin is inconsistent with preconceived opinions, may he not, 

 early in his life as a species, have been separated into two divisions, 

 one being led north, the other south. If so, owing to permanent 

 geographical causes, those who went south encountered less variety 

 of condition than the other. Be this as it may, we see all over the 

 world reminders of the migrations of men, and the emigrants, who 

 usually occupy the more fertile and inviting regions, whenever 

 comparison is possible, seem to have improved on their kindred 

 who were left at home. 



Is there such a division — one class embracing races of southern 

 origin, the other those who have arisen in colder climates, and 

 when found in southern latitudes are referred to the north ? The 

 line of such division seems widened at its boundaries, but this 

 widening is due to mixture of blood, which is shown in the 

 blending and fusion of the characteristics of each class. 



Here arises the difficulty in the application of the theory — certain 

 people, by many qualities, belong to one class; in others, as clearly 



